Independent judiciary, as envisaged by the constitution, provides the bedrock for a thriving policy; however, executive encroachment may erode its credibility and affect its efficacy. Evaluate.

Independent judiciary is a part of basic structure of constitution by Kesavananda Bharati case, 1973 Bedrock for thriving policy: 1) Protection of doctrine of Separation of Powers (Montesquieu in spirit of laws) 2) Protect rights of vulnerable sections (A-32) 3) Protect constitutionalism and rule of law (A-13) 4) Protect courts dignity and honour (A-122, 212) (Contempt of Court Act, 1971) 5) Checks and balances over laws and executive actions (Judicial review and Judicial activism)