Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) necessitates and strengthens governance and service delivery to ensure transparency and accountability at times. Discuss with examples. (Answer in 250 words)

Example: SWAYAM is an online learning platform. Advantages of DPI: a Public services availability of public welfare entitlement enough online model. Example: Direct benefit transfer. b Education - it ensures an uninterrupted education as we witnessed during COVID-19 lockdown. Example: Massive open online course MOOC by IITs.

c Filing of applications, tracking it and getting redressal of grievance through online mode. It increases the transparency and relieves any rokayes. Example: online RTI filing. d Safety keeping the documents in online form. Example: Digilocker. e Healthcare - Availing on health advice on phone. Example: mNHAS for mental health and assistance. f Help in policy formulation by collecting the data of vulnerable section. Example: e-Shram. Challenges in using DPI: a Divide in society - People are not aware about using ICT tools and are dependent upon some one to fill their requirements. b Internet connectivity - Remote areas are not connected by Internet, leaving in not included.

c Privacy issue - linkage of data or using data for manipulation is in concern. d Threat to cyber attack - cyber attacks can stop the whole server and can affect the economy. Example: Hacking of AIIMS Delhi computers stopped the service. e Non availability of any technological device to avail the benefits. DPI is definitely need to use use hours to ensure good governance. However, it is important to ensure safety by regulating the network and including the vulnerable section.