Discuss how mechanisms like public consultations and Jan Sunwai in India impact governance outcomes.

Governance entails achieving social welfare using limited amount of resources. To enhance outcomes, participation of citizens is the key which can be achieved via public consultations and Jan Sunwai. Impact of public consultations: (1) Demand-driven approach as need is by public who can be communicated with SIA involved public hearing, social/environmental impact assessment. (2) Impact from public can lead to effective policy making and formulation through MYGOV for citizen inputs. (3) Improved public and government relations through collector pro bono seeking public opinion.

Impact of Jan Sunwai on governance: (1) Effective governance redressal mechanism and leads to resolution of complaints through Insule Peoples. (2) Helps spread awareness about human rights through NHRC. Jan Sunwai for all north eastern states. (3) Participatory form of governance. Challenges: (1) Poor awareness and participation of citizens. (2) Law of accountability and non-binding mandate. (3) Sporadic and not consistently done. Way forward: (1) Institution of public participation must for all schemes. (2) Citizen charters and spontaneou model. To achieve goals of good governance and principle of subsidiarity, grassroot participation is the way forward.