Evaluate the impact of the deepening political divisions with the major Western States on global governance and international cooperation. How should India navigate these divisions to advance its national interests on the global stage?

Deepening political division of India with major western states can be seen as:

i) Relations with Canada caused after the killings of a separatist leader

ii) No consensus on carbon body adjustment mechanism (CBAM) with EU and UK

iii) Khalistani movements supported in gaol of freedom of speech in U.K., Canada, Australia

iv) Support to Chinese BRI by EU countries

v) Inaction by western powers in geopolitical conflicts

vi) No cooperation on regulating digital assets

Impact of these political divisions:

i) Conflicts with the western state – determination/downgrading of diplomatic relation

ii) Lack of consensus on important issues such as climate change – coal phase-out, funding less and damage, CBDR principles

iii) Failure of global governance institutions such as WHO, UNSC to progress peace

iv) Cooperation to counter hegemony of China in south China sea

v) Actions on terrorism and organised crime not taken

vi) No cooperation on regulating digital assets

India to navigate these divisions through:

Political divisions have led to kindblugen trap where no global power is able to provide goods. Discussions and cooperation on key issues are necessary.