Discuss the processes involved in volcanism. Highlight the major volcanic regions in the world and their associated tectonic settings.

Volcanism refers to the process in which intened rocks come out to lava on the surface of the earth.

Major factors leading to the volcanism are:

i) Shifting of the tectonic plates - converging and diverging plates leads to volcanism along major de-tonic region of the world.

(Shows diagram with convergent and divergent plates)

ii) Hot plumes - volcanic hotspots are formed when some areas are much warmer and lava flows out of them.

(Eg) Yellowstone National Park USA

(Shows diagram with mantle plume)

iii) Hotspot volcanism - formed when rock mantle plumes rise through the lithosphere. These plumes create chains of volcanoes as the plate moves over them.

(Eg) Hawaiian Islands

iv) Pyroclastic flows - formed when collapse of a volcanic dome or lava column expels hot gas, rock fragments and ash at high speed and with high temperature.

v) Lava flows

vi) Earthquakes

vii) Volcanic ash

Major volcanic regions and their tectonic settings:

(Diagram showing cross-section of volcano with labels)

[Content continues but is partially illegible in the provided image - appears to discuss additional volcanic regions and processes]