GS2GS2

Governance of inter-state rivers in India suffers from various issues due to (conflictual federalism). Discuss. Also, highlight the mechanisms which can be utilised to resolve inter-state river water disputes in India. (Answer in 250 words)

Open scan (p.29)

Answer

Main Body

Article 262 of Indian constitution deals with governance of inter-state rivers

Issues due to conflictual federalism:

1. Complex and opaque nature of inter-state water tribunals - (e) appointments

2. Politicization of issue which leads to holding of relative injustice or deprivation during award

3. Non-compliance inter tribunal awards

4. Extremely difficult and technical issue due to non-uniform flow of Indian rivers, complex terrain

5. Dependence of Indian agriculture-led economy on rainfall & monsoon pragmatismincreases the gravity of surface

6. Insufficient data regarding water flow and non-sharing of such data across present

Mechanisms available:

1River Boards Act (1956) provides for Boards which facilitate free information sharing clarity

2Tribunals established under Inter-State River Disputes Act (1956) (e): Krishna Water Tribunal

3Inter-State Councils (Article 263) and zonal councils to facilitate discussions between states

Way Forward:

Per River Board Management Bill (2019) to ensure watershed management

Promote inter-party dialogue to decrease be number of each disputes

Award Inter-state River Disputes Act to include Dispute Resolution Tribunal to ensure compliance (CDRT)

Promote data sharing and collection through National Water Information Centre (NWIC)

Adjudication of issue

Inter-states rivers is a multipronged, unrestricted domain issue that can only be solved through dialogue and discussions with national stakeholders

Blend of rigidity and flexibility to allow for constitutional experience as well as adaptability

(e): Not as flexible as UK or as rigid as American

3Inclusivity of all the diversity of Indian culture which enabled a peaceful & promising existence of communities

(e): All official languages of India we so launched struggle for linguistic-to groups

(g): As good mix of western and indigenous values made as: 'Secular' from west while different form of secularism already existing in Indian

(h) Guaranties not just political legality but also social and economic equality in welfares Discipline Principles

Indian constitution was enacted on 26th January 1950 after long deliberation in the constituent assembly under Cabinet missions

Difference from contemporary:

1References from various existing constitutions and political features to absorb best inspired by them

(e): Parliamentary system from UK but Judicial system from USA

2Wide and long constitution from various groups (caste, religion, region) that involved heated discussion for more than 2 years

3Inclusive of all the diversity of Indian culture which enabled a peaceful & promising existence of communities

5Blend of rigidity and flexibility to allow for constitutional experience as well as adaptability

(e): Not as flexible as UK or as rigid as American

3Inclusivity of all the diversity of Indian culture which enabled a peaceful & promising existence of communities

(e): All official languages of India we so launched struggle for linguistic-to groups

(g): As good mix of western and indigenous values made as: 'Secular' from west while different form of secularism already existing in Indian

(h) Guaranties not just political legality but also social and economic equality in welfares Discipline Principles

Protect individual as rule as community rights (e): Art 25-30 Due to accommodation of various demands and nature of formulation process, Indian constitution has been successful in maintaining democratic order for 75 years while many contemporary have failed

of State Policy

(a) Protect individual as rule as community rights (e): Art 25-30 Due to accommodation of various demands and nature of formulation process, Indian constitution has been successful in maintaining democratic order for 75 years while many contemporary have failed

566 words35 paragraphs6 bullet points

Conclusion

Inter-states rivers is a multipronged, unrestricted domain issue that can only be solved through dialogue and discussions with national stakeholders (g): Guaranties not just political legality but also social and economic equality in welfare Discipline Principles Due to accommodation of various demands and nature of formulation process, Indian constitution has been successful in maintaining democratic order for 75 years while many contemporary have failed

64 words

Examiner score

0.8/10

Open original scan

Page 29

Topper

Hrishikesh Rajendra

AIR 612419

Subject & Paper

GS2GS2

Topic

Federal Structure - Functions, Responsibilities, Devolution of Powers and Finances

Federalism

Inter-state River Disputes

Writing Stats

630

Total words

Paragraphs

Bullets

analytical

Tone