Bring out and elaborateGS1GS2
Bring out the major features of the Indian monsoon and elaborate upon its causative factors.
Introduction
Indian Monsoon refers to seasonal reversal of winds with moisture-laden southwest monsoon and dry-northeastern monsoon.
15 words
Main Body
Indian Monsoon refers to seasonal reversal of winds with moisture-laden southwest monsoon and dry-northeastern monsoon.
Major features of Indian monsoon:
1Concentrated rainfall in 4 months → 75% annual rainfall from June to September
2Monsoon outburst → in first week of June in Kerala and gradually spreads to Indian subcontinent
3Day to day variability → in between rain spell due to break
4Higher Variability → across space and time with western ghats and northeastern region having highest rainfall
5Erratic rainfall → affected by global events like El-Nino, La-Nina, Indian Ocean dipole
6Climate change induced → variability reflected in intense, rapid, short spells with prolonged dry spells
Causative factors behind monsoon:
1SHFTING of ITCZ to Indian land creating low pressure condition
2Unequal warmth of ocean and land → creates pressure difference and movement of wind
3Tibetan plateau warming → creates intense warming and low pressure intensification
4Mascarene high → ensures large scale continuous supply of moisture laden winds
5Positive feedback dipole → creates favourable conditions for outbreak of monsoon
6Mountain Range → creates basins in front of wind causing orographic lobe, global warming is inducing further variability and unpredictability in monsoon.
201 words13 paragraphs
Conclusion
Global warming is inducing further variability and unpredictability in monsoon.
10 words
Diagram
Map of India showing monsoon rainfall distribution and directional arrows
Examiner score
1.2/10Open original scan
Page 38
Topper
Hassan Khan
AIR 952025
Subject & Paper
GS1GS2
Topic
Geography - Meteorology
Indian Monsoon
Monsoon Features and Characteristics
Writing Stats
226
Total words
13
Paragraphs
analytical
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