Question Q11ExplainGS2GS2

Why did constitution makers prefer 'union of states' over 'federation of states' to describe India? To what extent this preference is responsible for tensions in centre-state relations?

Main Body

While India has a federal structure, the constitution doesn't have "Federation" anywhere. It calls India a "union of states".

The reason is to comply philosophical unity –

1. Indian state have not come together as an agreement. They all constitute India already.

2. India is a union of states, not by agreement. So, no state has power to leave it.

3. The territorial integrity of states is not guaranteed. Parliament can alter their boundaries by simple amendment. Thus, India continues to be a union,

not a federation.

Different from American history, where the states to agreed to come together as one nation. There is also asymmetric federalism (by Art 371) to cater to specific needs of states. However, the notion of NON- independent identity of state has led to centre-state tensions-

1Appointment of Governor by the Centre. by Tamil Nadu Governor reserving state subject bills for Centre.

2Application of President's Rule, suspending state government.

3Recent tussle after change in status of Jammu and Kashmir

4Fiscal relations tension- States' claim that Centre takes up major portion of revenue.

5Centre interfering by legislating on state subjects. by recent farm laws.

194 words11 paragraphs

Conclusion

However, the Supreme Court has stated that 'federalism' is a basic feature of the Constitution. In this regards, recommendation of Sarkaria Commission, such as inter-state councils, non-partisan governor, rare use of President's Rule, etc. and Punchhi Commission Finance Commission should be adopted to ensure harmonious relation between Centre & State.

50 words

Examiner score

1.5/10

Open original scan

Page 23

Topper

GAURAV OJHA

AIR 2042025

Subject & Paper

GS2GS2

Topic

Federal Structure - Functions, Responsibilities, Devolution of Powers and Finances

Federalism

Union and State Functions

Writing Stats

244

Total words

Paragraphs

analytical

Tone