Question 19GS2GS2

Q.19) Examine the factors behind the growing salience of the Arctic region in international politics. Discuss, in this context, strategies for India to recalibrate its Arctic engagement. (15 marks, 250 words)

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Answer

Main Body

The Arctic region known for its rich resources is gaining salience in international geopolitics.

Diagram showing Arctic Ocean with Canada (USA), Europe, Russia, Greenland marked.

Reasons for growing salience of Arctic:

1Arctic amplification - melting arctic is acting as opportunity in disguise for economic gains

(V) Free up resources - Natural gas, Hydrates, Hydrocarbons contested

3Trade routes - for shipping and short

route to connect with Asia

4Maritime security - aim for Blue economies

3NATO and Russia's military engagement in Arctic

5Environmental concerns - Melting arctic posing threat to local ecology, polar bear, biodiversity

6Global impact - weakening of jet stream, polar vortex, cyclonic issues in USA, Canada, Northern Europe (blizzards etc) also has potential to influence monsoons

Strategies of Indian engagement:

1Observer status in Arctic Council - partnership in sustainable development in Arctic

2Research base - at Himadri (Svalbard, Norway)

3Engage multilateral partners - with Nordic countries, Russia

4Safeguard maritime interests - Blue economy, MAUSAGAR Initiative

5Access to North Sea Route - to reduce shipping costs

6Climate Diplomacy - through UNFCCC COP, G20 platform

7Advocate for Global south in Arctic geopolitics - for equitable governance

8Energy Corporations - to access Natural gas, Rare earth for energy security

India and the world must be guided by Polar Code in sustainable development of the Arctic.

228 words19 paragraphs

Conclusion

India and the world must be guided by Polar Code in sustainable development of the Arctic.

16 words

Diagram

Map of Arctic region showing Canada, USA, Europe, Russia, Greenland

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Page 47

Topper

DIVYA

AIR 1822025

Subject & Paper

GS2GS2

Topic

Effect of Policies of Developed/Developing Countries and Indian Diaspora

International Relations

Arctic Region and Geopolitics

Writing Stats

244

Total words

Paragraphs