Under what conditions can the 'National' Emergency be proclaimed by the President of India? What are the consequences when such a proclamation remains in force? When was it last imposed in the country? (10 marks, 150 words)

National Emergency under (Art 352) is proclaimed in case of war, external aggression or armed conflict by President of India.

Conditions for proclamation of National Emergency:

Consequences of proclamation:

1. Unitary nature - country become unitary from federal

State government under complete central control (not suspended)

Art 358 - suspension of fundamental rights under Art 19 (FR)

National Emergency has been imposed in the country 3 times:

1941

1965

1971

1962

It was lifted in 1977

The National Emergency remains "dark patch" of Indian democratic story. The 44th amendment act made safeguards for avoiding its future misuse