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Disha DhankharAIR 235· 2025

GS2GS2

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2nd century CE) was witness & propagator of housing as 2 architecture, especially under the rule Kanishka.

The period witnessed the rise of synthetic art form such as Gandhara and Mathura schools of sculpture that reflected confluence of Grecian, Central Asian & indigenous elements.

Deco - cultural insight from art forms:

1. Religious pluralism - Mathura school deepens depict coexistence of different religious ideologies prevalent during the time. eg. Hindu & Jain sculptures in addition to Buddhist - Gandhara school under patronage of Kanishka, supporter of Mahayana Buddhism depict Buddhist themes.

Insight : Society religiously pluralistic, tolerant belief that supported diverse religious beliefs - sedimentary freedom of religion.

2. Cosmopolitan culture - Gandhara art show Greco-Bactrian and outside influence eg. curly hair & humanistic depiction of personages. Kushana school depicts indigenous styles.

Insight : Kushan empire was a melting pot of culture, links to Silk Road had active support from this.

Aryan school depicts indigenous styles.

Insight : Kushan empire was a melting pot of culture, links to Silk Road had active support from this.

3. Royal patronage - Kushana rulers issued coins inscribed with Grecian, Indian, Persian deities eg. Oosro (Surya), Serapia.

Kanishka's stupa at Peshawar - one of the tallest of the time.
Buddhist Council patronised by Kanishka - in support of Mahayana Buddhism.
Insight : Ruler universal sovereign - beyond religious lines, i.e. political purpose of art.

4. Representation of social life - sculptures depict court dances, musicians, dames, Yakshis.

Common attire, ornaments etc depicted.
Insight : Art forms help understand grade codes, class distinctions & importance of performative arts in social life.

Continuity with present :

Is elements of Kushana art, especially Buddhist motifs like Mathura & artifacts from Gandhara are now vital part of India's cultural diplomacy. Sita line Mathura & artifacts from Gandhara are now vital part of India's cultural diplomacy.

315 words12 paragraphs8 bullet points

Conclusion

Their artistic heritage presented under schemes like 'Adopt a Heritage' & ICCR's outreach programs continue to symbolise India's ancient-& civilisational continuity.

21 words

Examiner score
0.2/10

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Page 21

Topper

Disha Dhankhar

AIR 2352025

Subject & Paper

GS2GS2

Topic

Indian Constitution - Historical Underpinnings, Evolution, Features, Amendments, Significant Provisions and Basic Structure

Historical Underpinnings and Cultural Features

Kushana and Gandhara Art

Writing Stats

336

Total words

12

Paragraphs

8

Bullets

analytical

Tone