महत्वपूर्ण सड़क (कनेक्टिविटी) और मध्य एशिया तक पहुंच के संदर्भ में भारत के लिए अफगानिस्तान का सामना कर रहा है। 2021 के बाद राजनीतिक परिवर्तन से भारत की कनेक्टिविटी और ऊर्जा गलियारे की महत्वाकांक्षाओं को कैसे प्रभावित किया है? (उत्तर 250 शब्दों में दीजिए) / Discuss the geostrategic significance of Afghanistan for India in the context of continental connectivity and access to Central Asia. How has the altered political landscape post-2021 affected India's connectivity and energy corridor ambitions? (Answer in 250 words)

Afghanistan is seen as "graveyard of empires" and still remains to be geographically fragile with Taliban takeover.

Geostrategic significance of Afghanistan as-a central Asia:

Train (Afg) Pakistan

India (w) Tajikistan

(Map) - Afghanistan

Central connectivity: adds in bypassing hostile Pakistan to reach central area.

With (red sea) becomes violence, violence - Pitches and Hazars Rebels - connected

Connectivity becomes important

Ancient Silk route connect Central Asia

Projected like IMEC and INSTC with Chabahar port along to reach central Asia:

Changes post 2021:

(Way Ahead):

Afghan list process seems idealistic, India needs programmatic strategy to exercise strategic autonomy