2Mistrust in power dualcution and decentralization
3Lack of vigour amidst forward way forward:
Article 280 omimages finance commission to look into horizontal and vertical devolution of laws.
Layout: ULRA, ULRB, ULRCescrow
4Create Indian local body atock energy
5Separate cadre model of Gujrat: Issue are similar as GS3 friction will be using in sites by Lord (WRIT days)
3Guidelines for permissioning Articles in SK commasi case: mindful district propose & panels entrustment industry structure salary in chambers high cost
4Centralized coverage of office: PO Annadurai Desai case: asking for flan LLB
5Legal clarity on indignous issues: PG Punjab governor case 2024: Governor cannot refer returned bill for president consideration
6Clarity on powers of detenant governor: GVCTD N UDOI (2018): delhi.4: bound by advice of CM.
7Invoke Article 142 on quasi injustice
Neutral devolution (41/7):
(Consequentialist) - (income) of state
Burden of implementing CSS etc. considered.
Horizontal devolution:
income distance - 45/7
population - 15/7
area - 15/7
population control - 12.5/7
state efficieny - 2.5/7
Reserves raised by states:
1South Indian state at disadvantage (15/7) for population
2Very low weightage for tax offering (2.5/7 only)
3Excessive usage of cost and audit
Article 280 envisages the finance commission to look into horizontal and vertical devolution of laws.
Vertical devolution (41/7):
(Consequentialist) - (income) of state
Burden of implementing CSS etc. considered.
Horizontal devolution:
income distance - 45/7
population - 15/7
area - 15/7
population control - 12.5/7
state efficieny - 2.5/7
way of devolution:
↑ FC is constituted every 5 years
The constitutionalization of RTI has been a recurring demand raised by civil society like MAUSESS, Internet for freedom etc.
Steps required for constitutionalization:
1Introduce a constitutional amendment bill under Article 368.
2Pass in both houses by special majority member qualifications
3Specify the details like salaries charged on salary deductible letters to deductible procedure if example
Arguments in favour of constitutional status to CIC:
1Present weakening amendments like 49 RTI (Amendment) are 2019: seniority of tenure circulated: salary detached from CEC.
(B) Ensured autonomy for Gile making guiding by CIC to deal with grievous RTI
Arguments against constitutionalization:
1Justiciabilinee not guaranteed: for PG NCSC, NCST can be removed by president
2does not guarantee effectiveness: PG NCSC report cited after some leave and years.
3civil defendant on political will: PG that NCST office empty for 7 yes
4Positive performance at present as well: PG only 3.8% rejection CIC annual report.
However, a constitutional status, combined with political will, and civil society participation will best serve.
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Conclusion
However, a constitutional status, combined with political will, and civil society participation will best serve.
15 words
Diagram
Devolution structure showing Article 41/7 (vertical) decomposing into centre, GST, direct tax, and MP/UP/MH/CJ showing horizontal distribution to states