What is the significance of the 'leader of Opposition' in the Indian parliamentary system? How does the role of the opposition contribute to the checks and balances in a democracy?

After remaining vacant, the post of leader of opposition post has been filled in the 18th LS. He is the leader of the single largest opposition party/coalition and enjoys the same status as that of cabinet minister.

Significance of LoOP:

Roles of Opposition:

question hour, zero hour, calling attention motion, censure motion, adjournment motion, no confidence motion et

To further strengthen opposition practise in the house, India should explore UK practise of shadow cabinet.

The preamble is the moral compass of the constitution encapsulating its core ideals.

Sovereignty: ensures viability to take policy decisions independently without external interference and in national interest.

(A) India has maintained its neutrality in ongoing wars in Russia & Israel in line with strategic autonomy

Secularism: ensures establishment of a welfare state to create a society with social, economical and political justice. [circled notation: "capitalism & socialism"] Constitution enclosing: separates the realms of religion and state, and allows for preservation of minority rights and religious reform.

(B) right to freedom of religion under article 25-28 (Part III)

Democracy: is the rule of peoples sovereignty. Abraham Lincoln defined it as a government of the people, by the people and for the people. Constitutional provisions reflecting democratic others—

(C) universal adult suffrage, right to freedom of expression, rule of law, parliamentary accountability etc.

Therefore preamble's values are the foundation of our polity and should act as the most vital in policy formulation.

As per the recommendations of the dishos committee the GoI passed the 103CA4 to provide 10% reservation to EWS in public employment and educational institution.

Implications

Positive

(C) 16% population per multidimensionally (NITI)

Negative

(D) priorities equity + equality over limit

(E) ambiguities in identification of beneficiaries

(G) issues of fake certificates

(H) economic class as a criteria for affirmative action is not explicitly mentioned in the constitution

(J) decrease pool of seats for SC/ST/OLCs.

The equity of any policy lies in its implementation. The SC had upheld the validity of 103 CA4 now the 60:1 must ensure its benefit reach intended beneficiaries.