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ASAD AQEELAIR 321· 2025

Question Q.10 (continuation)GS2GS2

The Attorney General of India holds a pivotal position in the legal system and represents the interests of the government. Explain how this is reflected in the method of appointing and terms of appointment as well as the scope of her powers and responsibilities. (10 marks, 150 words)

Open scan (p.20)

Introduction

Article 76 of Indian Constitution envisages the office of Attorney General of India, to be the highest law officer and lead Indian government in legal capacity. Constitutional markers of India adopted "First-past-the-post" system for General Elections in India by bearing in mind the operational and socio-economic circumstances. Constitutionalism, the spirit behind Indian Constitution, implies 'limited government' in its powers and authority with 'peace as the ultimate sovereign' was need to so made capable via welfare.

75 words

Main Body

and High Court queries.

5. During emergency, entire executive realm of state comes under Union domain.

E.g. National Emergency Art 352;

6. No say in Finance Commission allocations.

Confederalism aspects:

1. Shared financial functions by GST Council Article 279A.

2. State representation in electoral college to Presidential elections.

3. Ratification of states needed while amending federal aspects under article 368 [E.g. Tweaking SCA HC powers].

4. Special provisions for certain states under Article 371.

Federalism is core case of Indian democracy, where autonomy, extension national development depends on them. So, organizing autonomy wise signing with states to large goals.

Article 76 of Indian Constitution envisages the office of Attorney General of India, to be the highest law officer and lead Indian government in legal capacity.

Reflected in appointment process:

1. He/she holds office during pleasure of President ensures harmony with government priorities and responsibilities.

2. He/she resigns upon resignation of President on dissolution of Lok Sabha.

3. Heads the Bar Council of India;

Scope of the office:

1. Represent Indian Union Government in Original Jurisdictional cases of Supreme Court under Article 13) [Centre vs State] - Centre vs Group of States.

2. Presents stand of Indian government on various socio-cultural issues. [Decriminalization of homos sexuality, Legalization of homo-sexual marriage, Uniform Civil code].

3. Does legislative impact assessment of government rules and regulations. Indian constitution envisages harmony between three organs for true national growth and Attorney General ensures communication with Judiciary, functioning smooth Indian democracy.

Constitutional markers of India adopted "First-past-the-post" system for General Elections in India by bearing in mind the operational and socio-economic circumstances.

Strengths of FPTP:

1. Simplification of electoral process as votes need not to excluding of candidates.

2. Align to drain political landscape having multi-party system and

Weakness of FPTP:

1. Voters voting for defeated candidate at might [feel at less] unrepresented.

2. Concerns over winning candidate discriminating with such sections regarding allocation of

3. Ensued state governments, as party having majority forms the government.

[Need of Proportional Represent]:

1. Every section of population gets represented in the legislature.

2. Rich legislation deliberations during to MPs from diverse banks-funds.

3. No need of by-polls, people right to choose afresh representative being impeached.

India needs to swamp its FPTP system to correct its influences to that electoral inefficiency is retrained while ensuring rural representation idea of "One Nation One Election" can be a step in this direction

hence, attaining absolute majority of >50% get difficult.

3Ensued state governments, as party having majority forms the government.

[Need of Proportional Represent]:

1Every section of population gets represented in the legislature.
2Rich legislation deliberations during to MPs from diverse banks-funds.
3No need of by-polls, people right to choose afresh representative being impeached.

India needs to swamp its FPTP system to correct its influences to that electoral inefficiency is retrained while ensuring rural representation idea of "One Nation One Election" can be a step in this direction

Constitutionalism, the spirit behind Indian Constitution, implies 'limited government' in its powers and authority with 'peace as the ultimate sovereign' was need to so made capable via welfare.

Indian constitution's limited Government:

1. Idea of Equality, Liberty and freedom - Article 15, 16: State cannot discriminate based on caste, class, religion etc.

2. Article 21: Citizen cannot be deprived of except by Procedure established by law.

3. Article 32: Approach must to enforce fundamental rights against state

2Union and State = makes of own space in normal capacity. Distribution of powers via 3 lists under article 246:
Presently state (concurrent)
Concurrent
3Cannot amend federal features of Indian constitution without state ratification (Art.368)
Powers of SC + HCs
Legislative Powers (Gre) GST Act 2017 & Executive
4Check on emergency powers - Written consent of Council of Minister
5Implied 'Judicial Review' - ensuring Corporeal appeal
Antis Check & Balances
Guarantor of Constitution.
2Union and State = makes of own space in normal capacity.

Distribution of powers via 3 lists under article 246:

Presently state (concurrent)
Concurrent
3Cannot amend federal features of Indian constitution without state ratification (Art.368)
Powers of SC + HCs
Legislative Powers (Gre) GST Act 2017 & Executive
4Check on emergency powers - Written consent of Council of Minister
5Implied 'Judicial Review' - ensuring Corporeal appeal
Antis Check & Balances
Guarantor of Constitution.

Welfare State envisaged:

The idea of 'welfare' enough implied in whole constitution gets explicit scope in Preamble and Doctrine Principles of State Policy.

1Social Equality Opportunity Justice Social Economic Political
2Special provisions for uplifting of SC, SC, OPC, Women's children --- Art 15, 16

Reservation Regime

Right to Education) Art 21A;
3Right to Livelihood + good working condition

DPSP --> Equal pay for equal work, Healthy development of children, free legal aid.

4Promotion of Indian preservation of Vernacular language.
5Political reservation => SC/ST => Women2023.

Indian constitution is 'organic', while also being 'socialist'. So, a fine balance is maintained both individual development and freedom) and state stability.

1Preamble --> Opportunity Justice Social Economic Political
2Special provisions for uplifting of SC, SC, OPC, Women's children --- Art 15, 16

Reservation Regime

Right to Education) Art 21A;

3Right to Livelihood + good working condition

DPSP --> Equal pay for equal work, Healthy development of children, free legal aid.

4Promotion of Indian preservation of Vernacular language.
5Political reservation => SC/ST => Women2023.

Indian constitution is 'organic', while also being 'socialist'. So, a fine balance is maintained both individual development and freedom) and state stability.

935 words27 paragraphs13 bullet points

Conclusion

Indian constitution is 'organic', while also being 'socialist'. So, a fine balance is maintained both individual development and freedom) and state stability.

22 words

This is a continuation from previous page
  • Clear identification of appointment mechanism tied to government priorities
  • Provides specific examples of AG's role (socio-cultural issues)
  • Cites relevant articles
  • Mentions Bar Council of India
  • Identifies both strengths and weaknesses of FPTP systematically
  • Proposes proportional representation as alternative
  • Mentions 'One Nation One Election' concept
  • Structured with comparative analysis
  • Identifies multiple mechanisms creating limited government
  • Provides article citations
  • Mentions separation of powers
  • Includes judicial review as check
  • References constitutional amendments
  • Addresses welfare state aspects with DPSP
  • Provides specific examples of welfare provisions
  • Includes reservation regime
  • Mentions social and economic rights

Topper

ASAD AQEEL

AIR 3212025

Subject & Paper

GS2GS2

Topic

Federal Structure - Functions, Responsibilities, Devolution of Powers and Finances

Federalism

Federalism

Writing Stats

1032

Total words

27

Paragraphs

13

Bullets

formal and analytical

Tone