Question Q18GS2GS2

Discuss the challenges that keep India multi-dimensionally poor with special reference to NITI Aayog's National Multidimensional Poverty Index Report.

Introduction

Poverty in India is a complex subject While IMF says India has eliminated extreme poverty, World Bank says 10% of India's population is poor. In this background NITI's MPI report says that India lifted 45 crore people out of poverty since 2005 and present HMPI is 15%.

47 words

Main Body

[Challenges that keep India poor multi-dimensionally]

❶ Challenges related to data estimation

Confusion regarding the real scope of poverty

❷ Inclusion - Exclusion ovens

Sporadic poverty people are excluded which those not poor are included in schemes like NTSA, 2013 (Read Ayyez)

❸ Challenges related to education

Learning poverty highlighted by World Bank

Drop outs after primary education

learning poverty highlighted by World Bank

Drop outs after primary education

Quality of education is uneven

❹ Health related challenges

High out of pocket expenditure (still around 40-50%) enough to make people dive in poverty

❺ Apathy to vulnerable section

Parliamentary standing committee says that only 6 crore spent out of 250 crore on PM-PNFGA last year

❻ Issues regarding Urban poor incidences

19% of urban population lives in slums (MOHUA)

No urban employment guarantee scheme

❼ Issues regarding standard of living

Greater than 30% rural houses don't have piped water despite JJHLA

Internal divide

[IMPT Report 2023]

The report says that actual India has achieved considerable progress it lags behind in health and education

Role of subsidy and cash transfers in reducing poverty

[Way Forward in light of MPT report 2023]

❶ Saturation of government schemes and programmes called with better targeting by NFSA2013force good grains under GKY

❷ Focus on integrated health by Real people [unclear text] preventive + curative health Physical

by Rare disease policy, Sickle cell anemia

❸ Qualitative education (by PM SHRC)

❹ Projects like PM VIKAS, PM PVTG E-reach last mile

"Poverty alleviation is not velocity, it is the act of justice. The society needs to collectively overcome the poverty of aspirations of poor for better India."

❶ India as education hub of Asia with admissions from countries aroundsoftpower

❷ Stoppage of brain drain from India

❸ Prestige competitions leads to better quality and innovation for all

(Stat) Achievement in India's goal of usyy enrolment in HFPC (Rep 2025)

[Currently IPA]

[Challenges]

❶ Concerns regarding privatization of education leading to divide

❷ Issues regarding autonomy of curriculum and challenges in promotion of only India centric

❸ Falsehood internationalization of HEZ not very popular worldover for China

India was a global leader when its institutions like Nalanda and Taxila used to shine in world India should leverage internationalization to create better knowledge institutions

444 words5 paragraphs13 bullet points

Conclusion

"Poverty alleviation is not velocity, it is the act of justice. The society needs to collectively overcome the poverty of aspirations of poor for better India."

26 words

Answer continues on next page

Opens with diverse perspectives on poverty metrics
References official reports
Identifies multiple dimensions of poverty
Provides specific statistics
Covers multiple dimensions of poverty
References official reports and committees
Provides concrete policy recommendations
References multiple government schemes
Concludes with philosophical perspective
Connects IMPT report findings to solutions
Links global leadership to historical institutions
Considers both benefits and challenges
Mentions statistical achievement

Open original scan

Page 42

Topper

AKANSH DHULL

AIR 32025Political Science and International Relations

Subject & Paper

GS2GS2

Topic

Issues relating to Poverty and Hunger

Multidimensional Poverty

Challenges in Poverty Reduction

Writing Stats

517

Total words

Paragraphs

Bullets

analytical with philosophical undertone

Tone