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AKANSH DHULLAIR 3· 2025

Question Q13GS2GS2

The overhaul of India's criminal justice system is not only a long due reform, it is also imperative for decolonising India's penal system. Elucidate in the light of recently proposed Bills: Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita Bill, 2023, Bharatiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhita Bill, 2023 and Bharatiya Sakshya bill, 2023.

Open scan (p.29)

Introduction

India's criminal justice rests on the IPC, CrPC and CPC all of which are colonial remnants (1860s). While they do have some pervasive legal system is adversarial and was meant for a colonial subjugation.

34 words

Main Body

Proper implementation law and public order. Thus it should only under Cement be used for security of state of state cases.

Lack of safeguard based law is proscollateralise (Ishpaya singhal case)

For Interest Shutdown for example.

Relevance and Need of UAPA and National Security Act:

To counter terrorism, based challenges especially in times of unpground uppers
For PFI was banned
To maintain friendly relations and bilateral mechanisms

(For Burning of Quran)

Such incidents require stoel action.

Public Tranquility:

Art 19 itself allows for reasonable restrictions

Process is the punishment:

Stringed conditionalities over issue of Bail

(Way Forward)

Independent regulator on application and avoid misuse
Parliamentary and judicial scrutiny while such laws are required, they must safeguards, initiate Irish (law of Oligarchy -> use of power to stay in fever)

India's criminal justice rests on the IPC, CrPC and CPC all of which are colonial remnants (1860s). While they do have some pervasive legal system is adversarial and was meant for a colonial subjugation. Thus reform is imperative.

Long Due Reform:

Incorporates digital ideas and digital evidence and promotes facilities of videoconference for hardened criminals through Bharatiya Sakhya Bill, 2023
Decriminalises various minor offences to ensure trust based governance and reduce overcrowding of prisons -> Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita Bill 2023

Introduces community burnished

Recognition to demands of Women's genicide and committee (eg Verma Committee) -> Death penalty for crimes against minors.
Brings synergy between general law and specific law.
Sync of Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita with POCSO, 2023

Contemporary solutions and requirement:

FIR in any police station and digital FIR allowed.

Declinise Penal System:

Repeals volumes like Section (sic Pl) in Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita
Allows for a peaceful mechanism to express dissent and do protest
Overcomes laws which are colonial remnants

Focus shifted from adversarial asset based system to rehabilitative justice

(Challenges)

Presence of sedition but in alternative form in Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
Death penalty still present

However, 3 codes are a step in right direction in overall charge in India's criminal justice system

351 words19 paragraphs18 bullet points

Conclusion

While such laws are required, they must safeguards, initiate Irish (law of Oligarchy -> use of power to stay in fever). Independent regulator on application and avoid misuse. Parliamentary and judicial scrutiny However, 3 codes are a step in right direction in overall charge in India's criminal justice system

49 words

This is a continuation from previous page
  • Discusses relevance of UAPA with current examples
  • Mentions safeguards and judicial scrutiny
  • Addresses process as punishment concern
  • Proposes way forward with independent regulator
  • Contextualises colonial legacy of criminal justice system
  • Links reform to decolonisation framework
  • Cites specific features of new bills
  • Mentions digital evidence and videoconferencing
  • Links women's safety provisions to Verma Committee
  • Discusses digital solutions (FIR)
  • Mentions decriminalisation of colonial provisions
  • Connects specific bills to broader reform
  • Identifies shift from adversarial to rehabilitative justice
  • Notes limitations like sedition and death penalty
  • Balanced conclusion acknowledging progress

Topper

AKANSH DHULL

AIR 32025Political Science and International Relations

Subject & Paper

GS2GS2

Topic

Fundamental Rights

Freedom of Speech and Expression

Balance between National Security and Democratic Freedoms

Writing Stats

434

Total words

19

Paragraphs

18

Bullets

analytical and prescriptive

Tone