Trace the evolution of Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) from its humble beginnings as the space agency of the government to becoming a technology behemoth, spearheading innovations with respect to satellites, launch vehicles, and planetary explorations.

ISRO today is one of the leading space agencies with recent chandrayaan, soft landing and launch of Aditya-L1.

Evolution of ISRO:

① Origin lay in 1960's ambi efforts of scientist like Dr. Vikram Sarabhai

② Space Agency of Govt with limited resources due to limited space capability

③ Launch of ISI satellite (Aryabhata) which was a Small Satellite Launch Vehicle and 1st rocket launch from Thumba Tamil Nadu

New a Technological Behemoth:

① Ability to carry out independent launches to all 3 orbit

② Plan to send Humans in space (Gaganyaan)

③ Deep satellite network (leg Indigenous NAVIC system)

Satellite supremacy Launch Vehicle:

① Development of PSLV which was ISRO's workhorse (1990)

② Shift to GSLV and new LMV-III which can carry tonnes to LEO

③ Focus on Reusable Launch Vehicle and SSLV for repetitive launches

Satellite:

① Modest Aryabhata launch to complex heavy weight satellite constellation (leg IRNSS)

② Focus on Space Station of own (Planetary Exploration)

③ Launch of Mars Orbiter Mission in 2014 on lowest cost

④ Chandrayaan for exploration of Venus

⑤ Collaboration with other agencies for other planets

ISRO should allow greater prevaluation and work to capture greater market share of space (2), presently by leveraging recently signed Artemis Accord

launches

Satellite:

① Modest Aryabhata launch to complex heavy weight satellite constellation (eg IRNSS)

② Focus on Space Station of own (Planetary Exploration)

③ Launch of Mars Orbiter Mission in 2014 od lowest cost

④ Chandrayaan for exploration of Venus

⑤ Collaboration with other agencies for other planets

ISRO should allow greater prevaluation and work to capture greater market share of space (2). presently by leveraging recently signed Artemis Accord