MNREGA was launched in 2005 as the rural employment scheme giving 100 days of unskilled work to all those who volunteer for it.
Performance of MNREGA
1In generation of sustainable employment -
(a) reduced disguised employment in agriculture
(b) provided employment to migrant workers who returned to villages during lockdown
2Creation of durable assets
(a) Haryana has undertaken water saving
(b) by donating water-harvesting structures under MNREGA. Matter building of panchayat halls, toilet under MNREGA
However MNREGA suffered from certain issues:
1Irregular and delayed wage payment. Supreme court called it a modern form of slavery
In 2016 because of non-payment
2gave less than demanded employment
3structure created are abandoned and get damaged in absence of repair
4Low budget. (eg) 2% kp budget of ₹ 55,000 crore than budget estimate
Urban MNREGA
1Economic Advisory panel at PM has admitted an urban model.
2Rajasthan govt: Indira Gandhi Shahri Rozgaar Yojana is based on MNREGA
Benefits
1Cure urban employment
2Create durable structures
Weaknesses
1Cities are already infrastructure advanced
2educated city dwellers would not like go work for menial payment
3stain gate exhausted: only 25% bp budget of ₹ 55,000 crore than budget estimate
4stain gate exhausted
Wisdom MNREGA
1Economic Advisory panel at PM has admitted an urban model.
2Rajasthan govt: Indira Gandhi Shahri Rozgaar Yojana is based on MNREGA
Benefits
1Cure urban employment
2Create durable structures
Weaknesses
1Cities are already infrastructure advanced
2educated city dwellers would not like go work for menial payment
3stain gate exhausted: only 25% bp budget of ₹ 55,000 crore than budget estimate
The Economic Survey 2021 showed that between 2004 and 2017, women's labour participation has come down from 45% to 25%. Thus, a key reason for this, as a survey pointed out poor reduction of poverty and increasing education among women.
Poverty driving women in workforce
1To supplement the household income when husband's income falls short.
2Single mothers, women, participate to earn for themselves and their children.
Education advise women out of workforce
1Higher qualification in education with or higher education delay their entry into job market
2Education of girl child prevent child labour.
3All SHGs graul can correct this aberration. All SHGs graul refers to autonomous group of individual who engage in any enterprise or credit lending by partly their demunal. SHGs can drive out poverty while employing educated girls by -
1Promoting entrepreneurship among women (eg) SE WA
2Combat poverty by providing formal credit.
3Make vulnerable women self-reliant. (eg) Safe Able set up by district administration of Thoothukudi of Tamil Nadu by SHG of differently abled girls.
credit. (eg) Kalanjium movement in Tamil Nadu
2Educate women about their rights, assist empowering them to certificate to economy. (eg) Kudumbashree in Kerala economy. (eg) Make vulnerable women self-reliant. (eg) Safe Able set up by district administration of Thoothukudi of Tamil Nadu by SHG of differently abled girls.
The SHG cream play a crucial role in empowering women into essential take from the crucial half of world's population.
The Economic Survey 2021 showed that between 2004 and 2017, women's labour participation has come down from 45% to 25%. Thus, a key reason for this, as a survey pointed out poor reduction of poverty and increasing education among women.
Poverty driving women in workforce:
1To supplement the household income when husband's income falls short.
2Single mothers, women, participate to earn for themselves and their children.
Education advise women out of workforce:
1Higher qualification in education with or higher education delay their entry into job market
2Education of girl child prevent child labour.
3All SHGs graul can correct this aberration. All SHGs graul refers to autonomous group of individual who engage in any enterprise or credit lending by partly their demunal.
SHGs can drive out poverty while employing educated girls by -
1Promoting entrepreneurship among women (eg) SE WA
2Combat poverty by providing formal credit.
3Make vulnerable women self-reliant. (eg) Safe Able set up by district administration of Thoothukudi of Tamil Nadu by SHG of differently abled girls.
Credit. (eg) Kalanjium movement in Tamil Nadu (2) Educate women about their rights, assist empowering them to certificate to economy. (eg) Kudumbashree in Kerala economy.
3Make vulnerable women self-reliant. (eg) Safe Able set up by district administration of Thoothukudi of Tamil Nadu by SHG of differently abled girls.
The SHG cream play a crucial role in empowering women into essential take from the crucial half of world's population.