Question 1GS2GS2

Fundamental rights chapter of the constitution is the 'north star' of the universe of constitutionalism. Examine.

Main Body

Fundamental Rights under Part III of the Constitution range from Article 12 to 35, giving basic rights to the citizens. Gandhi Austin called Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles as 'Conscience of the Constitution'.

'North Star' of universe of constitutionalism - like North Star, fundamental rights show direction to government policies, executive, judicial actions, and citizens.

2Government regulations are invalidated by the test of judiciary for violation of fundamental rights.

Direction to Executive action

1Guide executive action. [Eg] - reasonable restrictions under Article 19 (2) tells the limit for which executive can avail freedom of expression.

Direction to citizen

1Demand protection from intervention in religious matters. [Eg] - Kijju Row in Karnataka.

Make citizen aware about his rights. [Eg] - freedom of residence, [Eg] - free speech.

Article 19(a)

Is curtailed in the name of hate speech.

1The limit between free speech and hate speech remain amorphous.

2Often right to free speech [Article 19(a)] is curtailed in the name of hate speech.

3One man's food is other man's poison. Thus a speech celebrated by one party may offend the other party.

186 words6 paragraphs

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Page 1

Topper

ANUPRIYA RAI

AIR 2582025

Subject & Paper

GS2GS2

Topic

Indian Constitution - Historical Underpinnings, Evolution, Features, Amendments, Significant Provisions and Basic Structure

Fundamental Rights

Role and Importance of Fundamental Rights

Writing Stats

186

Total words

Paragraphs

formal_analytical

Tone