मौलिक अधिकार राज्य द्वारा प्रदत्त नहीं हैं बल्कि एक व्यक्ति जन राज्य से स्वतंत्र रूप से संवैधानिक रूप से अधिकार प्राप्त हैं। इस संदर्भ में विभिन्न मौलिक अधिकारों पर राज्य के उचित प्रतिबंध की वांछनीयता पर विचार कीजिए। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 15 अंक Fundamental rights are not gifts bestowed upon by the state rather an individual possesses them independently of the state. In this context discuss the desirability of reasonable restrictions on various fundamental rights. (Answer in 250 words) 15 marks.

Part III of the constitution provides for Fundamental rights

[ON] - A 12 to A 31 including Right to equality, freedom etc.

Fundamental Rights: not gift by state :-

[IE] - DF'R from USA's Bill of rights

[VIA] - laws : prevention of child labour act, 2016 for A24

[TC] - Citizens can seek remedy if when viewed as JUSTIFIABLE in court of law.

Individuals posses them independently of state as :-

(D) Independence of FR from state visible in ability of state to curb them as per section 42nd CA 1976 slack down

(E) FR are self enforced in public sphere

[EX] - Right to equality in access to roads etc.

[EX] - DK Basu guidelines ensured rights of arrested without state involvement

Desirability of Reasonable restrictions

1. to limit unlimited expanse of FR for principle of Liberty

2. to protect against misuse ex: (1912) morals public morality reach as reasonable restriction to freedom of speech

3. to prevent contravention with other fundamental rights

[EX] - Article 25 - Fight to practice religion restricted by other FR

4. to allow state to ensure national security

[EX] - under freedom of expression 19(1)(2)

5. to carry out peaceful international affairs

[EX] - HATE speech under reasonable restriction (Niyam Sharma case)

Hence, the principle of Liberty alone to serving the stick but limiting before others more is the core idea behind reasonable restrictions