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Anjali Ajay ThakurAIR 43· 2023

GS2GS2

Delimitation of seats is essential to ensure fair representation and uphold the principles of one vote one value. Highlight the challenges posed by misrepresentation in constituencies analyse the ramifications of population-based delimitation of seats in increasing federal tension. (Answer in 250 words) 15 marks

Open scan (p.29)

Introduction

Delimitation is an exercise to allocate seats in any constituency based on population (Art 82). Way Forward Elections should be fair & equal and that forms a part of 'basic structure'. Judiciary play great roles in it.

37 words

Main Body

Delimitation is an exercise to allocate seats in any constituency based on population (Art 82).

Essential for fair representation:

Fair allocation of seats
Fair idea of population represented by the MPs/MPS
Uphold principle of one vote one value

Example:

UP, Bihar have more population hence need more representation.

Challenges:

1Breaced delimitation exercise 2026 (14th of 16th cA 1976)
2Misinterpretation in constituency:

led High population represented by yellow MPs/MLAs

3Delay in delimitation doesn't give the right to be represented.
3Delay in delimitation doesn't give the right to be represented.

Ramification of population-based:

1Population-based representation give more vote to states having more populatory [Example: UP, Bihar etc.]
2Discourage further steps towards population control.
3Oft incentivize states like Tamil Nadu, Kerala etc. → Regional disparity in representation.

[#4]

* Creating federal Tensions

1Ressolving North v/s South debate
2populous states gaining more benefits ⟹ Protects from Southern States.
3Politicization of issue leads to centre -state tensions [Example: Tamil Nadu]

Way Forward

1Is done in Assam, temporarily inner delimitation should be done to provide fair representation.

As highlighted by supreme court Delimitation is necessary to secure fair election vision of nation.

Elections should be fair & equal and that forms a part of 'basic structure'. Judiciary play great roles in it.

Role of Supreme Court:

1As an interpreter of constitution

[Example: Art 324 (EC)] - any related issue are interpreted by court.

[Art 325 - Electoral Rolls]

[Art 326 - Adult Franchise]

2Supreme court recently directed government to have a law to appoint election commissioning

led Tell then gave a framework:

[PM]well ensure transparency in appointment

[Appointing panel]

[lead of opposition] [CJI] (currently appointed by executive only)

3ADR v/s VOF CASE(2002)

led Right of voters to know about the amt & source of funding of par candidate

[Example: ??? of party source of fund is not known as per ADR.

4[Public India Foundation v/s UOI]
Case in 2018 - Public criminal antecedents and assets
In 2026 - Also say the reason for holding an candidate over others.
5PUCL case 2000:

led be recognized the sale of NOTA.

6Empowerment of EC through:

led MCC (model code of conduct)

led RPA (Representation of People Act)

led Rule of Disqualifications (Art 102)

+ thus supreme court has played immense role

396 words16 paragraphs4 bullet points

Conclusion

Politicization of issue leads to centre-state tensions as exemplified by Tamil Nadu case. As highlighted by supreme court Delimitation is necessary to secure fair election vision of nation. Thus supreme court has played immense role.

35 words

Diagram

Flow diagram showing relationship between delimitation exercise, fair representation essentials, and challenges. Shows branching to 'Yes, wider in USA' with boxes for fair allocation of seats, fair idea of population represented by MPs/MLAs, and upholding principle of one vote one value. Example showing UP, Bihar having more population requiring more representation.

Answer continues on next page
  • Clear definition and context of delimitation
  • Use of specific constitutional article
  • Example-based illustration with UP and Bihar
  • Identified key challenges in current context
  • Clear enumeration of ramifications
  • Connects population-based delimitation to federal tensions
  • Provides concrete examples (UP, Bihar, Tamil Nadu, Kerala)
  • Addresses North-South divide issue
  • Provides practical solution model from Assam
  • References Supreme Court directive
  • Clear way forward recommendation
  • Clear reference to constitutional articles
  • Recent judicial directive cited
  • Diagrammatic representation of proposed framework
  • Connection to basic structure doctrine
  • Multiple Supreme Court cases cited with years
  • Specific policy mechanisms identified (MCC, RPA, Art 102)
  • Clear enumeration of judicial contributions
  • Connection between judgments and EC empowerment

Topper

Anjali Ajay Thakur

AIR 432023

Subject & Paper

GS2GS2

Topic

Salient Features of the Representation of People's Act

Delimitation and Electoral Representation

Delimitation of Seats and Population-Based Representation

Writing Stats

468

Total words

16

Paragraphs

4

Bullets

concluding and prescriptive

Tone