AP

ADITYA PATHAKAIR 189· 2025

Question Q.10GS2GS2

What are the key areas of reform if the World Trade Organization (WTO) has to remain relevant in the present context of rising protectionism and trade wars?

Open scan (p.21)

Main Body

WTO came into existence as a successor of GATT after multiple rounds of discussions. It established a 'rules-based' trading order to the advantage of developing countries like China & India

Issues with WTO:

consensus via unanimity – hurdle to progress on key issues
Appellate body not functional
No agreement on agriculture, fisheries, PSH
Preference to RTA's over the Principle of Non-discrimination

Key Areas of Reforms:

replace unanimity with majority for decision making
free appointment of Appellate court judges from geo-politics
New round of talks on agri, PSH → give due voice to Global South – India can act as the 'Voice of Global South'
Remove moratorium on Tax on digital services → more revenues for developing countries
Initiate broader multilateral reforms
130 words2 paragraphs9 bullet points
  • Comprehensive coverage of WTO issues
  • Clear differentiation between challenges and reforms
  • Relevant to India's interests

Topper

ADITYA PATHAK

AIR 1892025

Subject & Paper

GS2GS2

Topic

International Institutions, Agencies and Fora - Structure and Mandate

Important International Institutions

WTO Reforms

Writing Stats

130

Total words

2

Paragraphs

9

Bullets

analytical

Tone