Modust Indian Industrial development
1Cotton mill in Bombay was set up due to high demand of goods.
2Jute mill at Rishra (Bengal). Made to grow at low level.
3Mostly efforts by arch individuals like Tatas Association like ASSOCHAM formed.
4Steel factory forced to make high grade steel for Britishers. Unlike Indian market demanded low good steel.
5Opposition form Nationalists of British economic policies. For eg: Drain theory by Narojj.
6Rise of Socialism due to Russian Revolution also helped in it. British policies suited India over the years through its policy of 'Loot & aid not let Indian industry grow'.
Highlight evaluation of British policy on princely states, discuss the role played by princely states in Indian national movement.
As: Princely states acted as bulwark of British rule in India. British policy towards them passed through four phases.
Evolution of phases
Phase 1: Policy of Ring Fence (1765-1813)
One state used against another. Eg: Nizam against Mysore.
States used as buffer state for eg: Awadh used as Buffer to Bengal to protect Bengal from Afghan & Marathas.
Phase 2: Policy of Subordinate Isolation (1813-1857)
Based on British paramountcy.
States to act under subordination of British.
1833: Company only political function. Last insisted on prior approval on matter of succession.
Dalhousie annexed more than 8 states like Satang, Nagpur etc.
Phase 3: Policy of Subordinate union (1857-1935)
Direct Control of Crown over states.
Completely Subordinate to Crown.
All major decision & with prior approval.
Phase 4: Policy of Equal Federation (1935-1947)
COI Act 1935 proposed an All India federation with representative form all princely state.
Role of princely states in National movement
1Loyalty: Mostly remained loyal to Britishers & were used as a breakwater against struggle.
2Till 1920: No effect of National movement in states.
31922-1927: Political awareness of people owing. 1922: All India States people Conference created. AISPC.
41927-37: Congress started supporting movements in these state. Nehru made president of AISPC in 1932.
51939 - Independence: 'Praja' Mandal movement increased paves of Congress. People put pressure on princes to join National movement. Princely states played limited role in freedom struggle as British provided them security & stewarded loyalty.
Role of princely states in National movement
1Loyalty: Mostly remained loyal to Britishers & were used as a breakwater against struggle.
2Till 1920: No effect of National movement in states.
31922-1927: Political awareness of people owing. 1922: All India States people Conference created (AISPC).
41927-37: Congress started supporting movements in these state. Nehru made president of AISPC in 1932.
51939 - Independence: 'Praja' Mandal movement increased paves of Congress. People put pressure on princes to join National movement. Princely states played limited role in freedom struggle as British provided them security & stewarded loyalty.