The frequent instances of urban flooding pose a severe risk to the urban ecosystem in India. Discuss with special emphasis on its impact on the critical infrastructure. (Answer in 250 words)

There has been increase in the instance of urban flooding in the developed cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, etc.

Why case serious risk to urban ecosystem :-

1. Urbanization increases the intensity and volume of urban flooding by 1.8 to 6 times.

2. This leads to intensity reduction in capacity of urban infrastructure like sewer, sanitation channels, pipes, etc.

3. Transport - volume such as road, railway get usually infested.

4. Human impact - lead to shedding of slams, low lying area etc.

5. Disruption to other economic activities like manufacturing, driving, etc.

6. Supply chain disruption of foods commodities leading to price rise inflation.

7. Burden of disease - caused by various such as dengue malaria etc. Ills.

Impact on critical infrastructure :-

9. Infrastructure like electricity has are disrupted leading to low electricity, cute sector such as power generation under due to supply chain disruption due to that of coal etc.

2. Power transmission is impacted.

4. Activities such as banking,

are disrupted as officials are not able to reach the official.

4. Resilience of land may lead to resilience of critical infrastructure like nuclear power plants, etc.

5. Critical infra like Helium tower, may suffer short circuit for hazard due to urban floods.

Ways to mitigate urban floods:

(A) National strategy on Urban Floods :-

1. Development of National Urban Information system (NUIS) for information about them.

2. Packing of in-situ preparedness about mitigation through local organisation.

3. installation of Real time hydromet ecological network for prediction.

(B) Others - 1. Poppler radar.

2. Inter-Agency coordination.