Cryosphere changes have a tendency to bring about a devastating impact on the ecosystem and its people. Discuss. Also, enlist measures to tackle this threat. (Answer in 250 words)

Cryosphere refers to the layer of the earth which is in a frozen state and has temperature below 0°C i.e. freezing point of water.

[Diagram showing layers: Upper layer (frozen), Cryosphere, Lower layer (0°C temperature)]

At ion have devastatimg impact :-

1. Gases :- it is a storehouse of greenhouse gases like carbon-dioxide which can get released in atmosphere.

2. Stability :- of land can be affected with melting of cryosphere.

3. Guidance of land and role of

ice level can happen if there is defacing and mettle melting of cryosphere.

4. Global temperature rise :- by 2-2°C can suffer as per IPCC of cryosphere melt.

5. As per NOAA cryosphere store around 10 times the greenhouse gases present in the current atmosphere.

6. Microorganisms - like bacteria, fungi various virus can be released in the atmosphere by cryosphere.

7. Human health - can be impact by communicable disease caused by these virus bacteria.

8. Economy - may be impacted due to disruption in living ice-exploitation.

9. Biological diversity - may be impacted as cryosphere melting may

lead to fallout of species which may become invasive alien species.

Ways to tackle the threat :-

1. As suggested by World Health Organization, concept of One health to be followed.

2. Focus on ensuring reduction in temperature rise below 1.5°C and 2°C as pledged in COP-21 (Paris 2015).

(b) Reduce carbon intensity emissions.

3. Maintaining stability of polar ecosystems by National Mission for Sustaining Himalayan Ecosystem (NMSHE) for Sustaining Himalayan centre of IITI Ropar.

4. Preserving cryosphere from damage.

5. Reduce anthropogenic interference activated in cryosphere.