AM

Abhimanyu MalikAIR 60· 2023

Question Q.19GS2GS1

Slums are not 'problems' that have to be 'solved' – but are indeed a result of lopsided and vested urban policies covering infrastructure provision and socio-economic issues. Analyse (Answer in 250 words) 15 Marks

Open scan (p.50)

Introduction

Slums are those urban dwellings which are considered unfit for human habitation. As per MoHUA, 17.4% of people in urban areas live in slums.

24 words

Main Body

lack of Basic amenities (WASH) - Slums with slum people poorly ventilated, overcrowded & congested

Slums as result of lopsided & nested urban policies:

i) Slum's policy implementation

by cities gone → National urban Housing and habitat policy 2007

ii) lack of affordable housing avenues

especially by private developers → considered

Result of socio-economic issues:

1Sub-culture of poverty
habituated to live in slums
2Informalization of work
No minimum wage, social security → can't afford housing.
3Informal economy thriving in slums
eg Dharavi in Mumbai
4Social exclusion and marginalization
of certain caste and religions in peripherous slums. By Ghettoization.
5Vole bank politics
lack of political will

Therefore the need of law is to provide humane conditions good basic amenities and social-eco opportunities to eradicate menace of slum dwelling.

Some of the steps can be:

a) Tackling rural-urban migration

MNREGA, rural mission, Agarenka Krishi

b) Affordable housing

PMAY (LV)

c) capacity building of Urban local Bodies.

d) Transport oriented development.

e) employment generation, skill development of migrants.

less profitables

iii) concept of gated communities

lack of land availability

iv) Improper city planning

eg Delhi not having heritage of multi-storey buildings.

v) lack of integrated planning

entire focus on land use without taking note of transportation, socio-economic opportunities. eg Tier 2 & 3 cities.

Result of socio-economic issues:

1Sub-culture of poverty
habituated to live in slums.
2Informalization of work
No minimum wage, social security → can't afford housing.
3Informal economy thriving in slums
eg Dharavi in Mumbai
4Social exclusion and marginalization
of certain caste and religions in peripherous slums. By Ghettoization.
5Vole bank politics
lack of political will

Therefore the need of law is to provide humane conditions good basic amenities and social-eco opportunities to eradicate menace of slum dwelling.

Some of the steps can be:

a) Tackling rural-urban migration

MNREGA, Rural mission, Agarenka Krishi

b) Affordable housing

PMAY (LV)

c) capacity building of Urban local Bodies

d) Transport oriented development

e) employment generation, skill development of migrants

354 words33 paragraphs19 bullet points

Diagram

Pyramid/triangular diagram showing slum characteristics with labels: 'slums', 'with slum people', 'poorly ventilated', 'overcrowded & congested'

  • Directly addressed the prompt by explaining slums as policy outcomes rather than isolated problems
  • Provided statistical evidence (17.4% MoHUA data)
  • Connected informal economy to slum persistence
  • Suggested comprehensive solutions addressing root causes
  • Referenced specific government schemes like PMAY and MNREGA
  • Identified structural factors (gated communities, improper city planning)
  • Highlighted integration gap in urban planning
  • Provided specific city examples
  • Connected multiple policy interventions systematically

Topper

Abhimanyu Malik

AIR 602023

Subject & Paper

GS2GS1

Topic

Urban Society

Slums and Urbanization

Causes of Slum Formation and Urban Policy

Writing Stats

378

Total words

33

Paragraphs

19

Bullets

Policy-oriented and analytical

Tone