Main Body
The Indian monsoon has become increasingly erratic, with North East seeing deficit, while the North West seeing excess rainfall.
Factors Contributing to the Variability:
1El Niño - the differential heating of Western and Eastern pacific shapes the origin of monsoon.
Veg: 2012 was an El Niño year then reduced precipitation
2Indian Ocean Dipole - the difference in temperature of sea surface between Arabian sea and Eastern Indian Ocean.
3Madden Julian Oscillations - the pattern
of the global climate circulation system
4Differential heating of Tibetan plateau and the mainland of India
5Planetary winds transporting the monsoon.
All these latter are being affected increasingly by:
1Global warming - 2024 the hottest year yet globally.
2High emissions of Greenhouse Gases. The variability of monsoon adversely affects our food security, & increases hazard risk.
137 words10 paragraphs
Topper
ABHISHEK KUMAR JHA
AIR 2312025
Subject & Paper
GS1GS1
Topic
Important Geophysical Phenomena and Global Climate Systems
Monsoon systems and climate variability
Indian monsoon characteristics and factors
Writing Stats
137
Total words
10
Paragraphs
academic and analytical
Tone