AM

Abhimanyu MalikAIR 60· 2023

Question Q.11GS2GS1

India has fought five major wars in 75 years post-independence namely. Highlight the causes and impact of the Indo-Pak and Indo-China wars on our bilateral relationships.

Open scan (p.21)

Introduction

India has fought five major wars in 75 years post-independence namely: Indo-Pak War (box) / Indo-China War (box) / Indo-Pak War / Indo-Pakistan War (Kargil) / Indo-Pakistan War (Chargil)

29 words

Main Body

1947 - 1962 - 1965 - 1971 - 1999

(List shows: Indo-Pak War [1947], Indo-China War [1962], Indo-Pak War [1965], Indo-Pak War [1971], Indo-Pak War Chargil [1999])

Cause of Indo-Pak wars:

Fight over Kashmir (1947, 1965, 1999)
has been the bone of contention between two countries
Unsettled Borders
especially in J&K sector
Bangladesh Liberation War (1971)
Attack by Pakistan on India's air bases and submarine retaliation by India
Provoked Wars & Infiltration by Pakistan (1999) - Kargil war

Impact of Indo-Pak war on population:

) High militarisation :

of Kashmir, Jammu, Siachen

) Nuclearisation :

of both countries

) Mutual distrust

reflective in international platforms

) Low levels of scale :

[unclear reference]

) Inefficient regional cooperation

SAARC - one of the weakest regional organisation

Causes of Indo-China war:

) China's aggressive policy

Construction of road, good militarisation in Upsai chin during 1950s

) Differences of Bodies

India support the Johnson line whereas China refutes its

Impact on bilateral relationship:

) Unsettled border

especially in western sector

) Infrastructure built-up and heavy military deployment

by both sides (both boundaries)

) Nomenclatured aggression by China

especially in Arunachal Pradesh

These major foreign policy challenges for India is to manage relationships with both neighbours and prevent any full blown war.

Some of the ways come:

) Strengthening confidence building measures

) Internal and external balancing (Quad, I-2-U 2)

) Strengthening regional cooperation (SCO)

Most important for analyzing internal structure are bodywaves :

1P-(Primary) waves
Travel inside earth in parallel to direction of travel
Common in all mediums (solid, liquid, gas) → thus contribute to analysis of all layers
Speed & Density of material
2S-(Secondary) waves
Travel inside earth perpendicular to direction of travel
Can only travel in solids, hence disappear in liquid, baseous states (not present in Absence of S-waves in outer core tells about liquid nature of it)
Density & Speed

Thus seismic investigation provides a key idea about nature, density and type of materials present.

350 words22 paragraphs23 bullet points

Conclusion

India must balance relationships with both neighbors while building confidence

10 words

Answer continues on next page
  • Chronological presentation of all five wars
  • Clear identification of causes for each conflict
  • Mentions specific dates and events
  • Covers multiple impacts on bilateral relations
  • Mentions nuclear dimension
  • Identifies institutional impact (SAARC)
  • Identifies lasting impacts on bilateral relations
  • Proposes forward-looking solutions
  • Mentions relevant international groupings
  • Clear distinction between P-waves and S-waves
  • Explains relevance to understanding Earth's internal structure
  • Mentions practical application of S-waves absence in detecting liquid layers

Topper

Abhimanyu Malik

AIR 602023

Subject & Paper

GS2GS1

Topic

Modern Indian History

Post-Independence Wars

Indo-Pakistan and Indo-China conflicts

Writing Stats

389

Total words

22

Paragraphs

23

Bullets

Historical and chronological

Tone