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ABHIJIT ASOKAIR 234· 2025

Question Q.2GS1GS1

British colonial rule had a profound impact on Indian agriculture, fundamentally altering the traditional agrarian economy which led to severe peasant resistance. Discuss.

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Main Body

The traditional society in India characterized by self sufficiency was altered by colonial policies aimed at producing for the market. Depeasantisation of Indian agriculture also caused financial distress and loss of livelihoods causing peasant resistance.

Colonial impact on Indian agriculture:

exorbitant taxes were demanded on agriculture soil (land cig 55% of revenue).
extractionary policies like permanent settlement act, Ryotwari and mhalwari acts taught to real zamindari class with no focus on & increasing yield.
obselete land/landlord) became prevalent.
zер раморlenders greed in prominence who caused indebness, bonded labourcard unwaqt of land.
(tradional crops were to be replaced)

with crop/saur material relief for entire exports (to britain) eg: Indigo cultivation.

colonialists didn't give importance to improving irrigation facilities and agriculture failure was amend.

Peasant Resistance started against these extraordinary policies.

Laxmi demanded reduction of revenue eg: Champaran Satyagraha for
There was resistance against the forced Indigo production (Indigo Revolt-1860)
Patna Satyagraha of 1946 was against high taxes.
Often peasant resistance joined with national upswurges eg: Nc Tea campaign of central province in 1930 EKA Movement of Awadh) in (1920.

Peasant Resistance was not product of mainstream national movement until 1926 Late 1930s. (despite of lesser support) these residences were successful in getting concession in local duments.

215 words4 paragraphs10 bullet points
  • Clear identification of colonial depeasantisation policies
  • Mentioned specific legislative measures (Permanent Settlement Act, Ryotwari, Mahalwari)
  • Connected economic distress to peasant resistance
  • Discussed moneylender exploitation

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Page 3

Topper

ABHIJIT ASOK

AIR 2342025

Subject & Paper

GS1GS1

Topic

Modern Indian History from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present

British colonial policies and their impact

Colonial impact on agriculture and peasant resistance

Writing Stats

215

Total words

4

Paragraphs

10

Bullets

analytical and critical

Tone