The integration of the Princely States into the Indian Union after partition involved overcoming significant administrative and socio-cultural hurdles. Discuss the statement with special emphasis on the integration of Hyderabad. Also, throw light on the role of Sardar Patel in the integration process.

At the time of independence there were 365 princely states who were give autonomy to join either of unions or to remain independent. This led to balkanisation of India and arised a need for integration.

Administrative and socio-cultural struggle during integration of Hyderabad

Administrative struggler :-

1. Different administrative setup of monarchy rule to centralised administrative setup after integration.

2. Loss of autonomy at state leading to change in political, social, economic policies.

3. Changes in administrative institutions and their nature.

Socio-cultural factors :-

1. Religious orientation of rulers towards s, pakistan and Islam.

2. Nizam rulers were culturally oriented towards joining pakistan as remaining independent

3. Long rule of Nizams and relative gains from their rule.

4. Demand for autonomy by people of Hyderabad.

Other princely states and issues:-

1. Geographical proximity to pakistan-(B)-Punjab

2. Relative isolation and autonomy demand (B)-Manipur, Sikkim.

3. Religious orientation (B)- Ifuk Jammu and Kashmi, Hyderabad.

Role of Sardar Patel in Integration process

1. He was appointed as head of states committee which was responsible for integration.

2. He used dialogue, diplomacy and negotiations to succeed in integration. (B)-Mysore state

3. Use of police action in case of protests. (B)- Hyderabad.

4. Use of 'instrument of accession' by offering certain priviliges. (Ex)- Jammu and kashmir.

5. Some places used voting to decide their move.

6. His ability to communicate, collaborate, compromise has led to sucessful integration.

Sardar Vallabhai Patel is called the 'Iron man of India' due to his immense contribution to national unity.

3. Changes in administrative institutions and their nature.

Socio-cultural factors :-

1. Religious orientation of rulers towards s, pakistan and Islam.

2. Nizam rulers were culturally oriented towards joining pakistan as remaining independet

3. Long rule of Nizams and relative gains from their rule.

4. Demand for autonomy by people of Hyderabad.

Other princely states and issues:-

1. Geographical proximity to pakistan-(B)-Punjab

2. Relative isolation and autonomy demand (B)-Manipur, Sikkim.

3. Religious orientation (B)- Ifuk Jammu and Kashmi, Hyderabad.