Discuss the geographical conditions responsible for the development of shola forests in the upper reaches of the Western Ghats. Highlight their ecological significance. (Answer in 250 words)

Shola forests are evergreen forests in the upper reaches of Western Ghats that developed as a result of varied climatic region and topographical factors.

Geographical conditions for development of Shola forests:

1. Sufficient rainfall 200 mm/year due to height of Western Ghats

4. Ample sunlight availability for bound.

5. Presence of fertile soils on the slopes of western ghats.

6. Indigenous, rich biodiversity.

7. Presence of red soil, loamy soil & alluvial toxins.

Concerns regarding Shola forests:

1. Over-population in the reaches & over-exploitation of fine resources.

2. Patronage species contamination

3. Loss of land due to landslides and downslope erosion.

Ecological Significance of Shola forests:

1. Presence of rich biodiversity of fauna - Western Ghats leopans

7. National heritage and global recognition

Being one of the four biodiversity hotspots of India, Shola ecosystem presents the rich, vivid natural resource potential of India.

7. National heritage and global recognition

Being one of the four biodiversity hotspots of India, Shola ecosystem presents the rich, vivid natural resource potential of India.