Question Q.17GS1GS1

The Indian monsoon is a complex phenomenon influenced by various climatic factors. Critically examine the role of oceanic and atmospheric factors in determining the intensity and distribution of monsoon rainfall in India. (Answer in 250 words) 15 Marks

Main Body

Monsoon refers to seasonal change of winds which is intrinsic to Indian subcontinent. Monsoons cause variety of trade winds which pick up moisture coming to India', causing heavy rainfall.

Monsoon - factors:

(a) atmospheric factors:

1.presence of low yesummae ITCZ .attach monsoon winds to India from South, hemisphere

2Jet streams like Eastern Lomati Jet-stream in central India provides favourable conditions for monsoon.

3Intense heating of Tibetan plateau leads to formation of low pressure abutting

Monsoon

3Western disturbances during retreating monsoons brought by western jet streams

4relative humidity in rains influences the varying capacity of cloud leading to monsoon as India has high gustuse and absolute humidity

Oceanic factors:

[Map showing Indian Ocean bipole]

3El Nino -> ocean current in Peru & warm ocean current along 'its coast leads to production in monsoon.

4(La Nina) - colder ocean current is Peru & warm current in Australia leads to stronger monsoon.

3Indian Ocean Dipole

4Positive IOD - increases monsoon

4Negative IOD - reduces monsoon.

3Hadley Tullas Oscillation -> if positive, monsoon is fortitely good, if negative, reduces monsoon's intensity

Both the intertwining of both atmospheric and oceanic factor which leads to influencing on monsoon -as both atmosphere and oceanic factor -influenc each other -eg - ENSO - El Nino Southern Oscillation.

Studying these complex patterns can help us identify the complexities of monsoon, cushioning us from study of unpredictable monsoon.

239 words7 paragraphs

Diagram

Diagram showing ITCZ, monsoon winds, Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean, and Bay of Bengal with arrows indicating monsoon patterns

Good use of diagram to illustrate monsoon system
Identifies key atmospheric factors (ITCZ, Jet streams)
Mentions Tibetan plateau heating
Explains pressure system creation
Introduces oceanic phenomena (El Nino, La Nina)
Explains impact of each phenomenon on monsoon
Uses visual representation
Links to specific locations (Peru, Australia)
Introduces Indian Ocean Dipole concept
Links positive and negative IOD to monsoon outcomes
Mentions Hadley Walker Oscillation
Attempts to synthesize atmospheric and oceanic factors
References ENSO as integrated system

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Page 39

Topper

Vishnu Sasikumar

AIR 312023

Subject & Paper

GS1GS1

Topic

Important Geophysical Phenomena

Indian Monsoon System

Oceanic and atmospheric factors influencing monsoon

Writing Stats

239

Total words

Paragraphs

explanatory with examples

Tone