Question 20GS1GS1

Communalism gains strength from economic deprivation, and thrives in environments of social exclusion. Examine. Comment. (Answer in 250 words) 15 Marks

Main Body

As Ernest Gellner suggests the phenomena of segmented loyalties rise to dues phenomena of educational feature as communalism rise.

It is the phenomena of extreme loyalty to one's religion which is exclusivistic and docent give scope for co-existence.

The phenomena of communalism - gains strength from economic deprivation -

1Creates class difference between minorities and majorities

2Poverty in a community is linked - to create threat perception

eg. Muslims before 1947 -

3makes population vulnerable due to lack of education

4Deprivation causes fertile ground for

radicalization

eg. Arakan army radicalizing Muslim youth

Communalism: thrives in an environment of social exclusion

1When there is targeting of one particular section of society

eg. Tamils in Sri Lanka

2Marginalization of by political class by majoritarian calls

eg. Buddhists - Myanmar population

3ghettoization of communities

eg. Jews during Nazi rule.

4Creation of social imaginaries as suggested by Charles Taylor

Communalism: leading to desecration and division

1leads to society polarization

eg. In Pakistan - Muslim vs other minority groups.

2Protests by the marginalized soldiers

3Radicalization by preachers [religious gurus]

eg. Zakir Naik

4Preferable to other areas.

Division in societyDivision in political classDivision in a nation Partition states [eg.Partition in secular areas-education-access to health]

Thus to prevent this phenomena we need -

1Follow constitutional principles - Rights to minorities [Article 25 to 30]

2socio-economic upliftment of minorities as - Sachar Committee - more representation

3Role of civil society

eg. Quami Trust.

4PM 15 point programme for minorty, Nai Manuj etc

We should strive for (H)-Harmony, (C)-opportunely (P)-Peace among communities (E)-Equality for a coherent nation.

278 words17 paragraphs

Use of theoretical framework by Ernest Gellner
Clear linkage between economic factors and communalism
Systematic enumeration of mechanisms
Strong use of international case studies
Reference to Charles Taylor's concept of social imaginaries
Clear causal relationships established
Comprehensive policy framework
Use of specific government schemes
Acronym-based memorable conclusion (HOPE)
Constitutional references

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Page 50

Topper

Surabhi Srivastava

AIR 562023

Subject & Paper

GS1GS1

Topic

Effects of Globalization on Indian society. Social Empowerment, Communalism, Regionalism & Secularism

Communalism

Economic deprivation and communalism

Writing Stats

278

Total words

Paragraphs

analytical with historical and contemporary examples

Tone