GS1GS1

Migration is a vital livelihood strategy for rural households in developing countries like India.

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Answer Strengths Gaps Keywords

Introduction

Migration refers to permanent or semi-permanent change of residence of individuals.

11 words

Main Body

1Landslides in upper reaches → blocking flumes + deposition → GLOFs.

2Unconsolidated tunnel moraines whilst in thick cachy stuing heavy precipitations.

3human activities → afforestation leading to rise in runoff.

4Rainrain induced seismicity and slapodynamics charges.

Steps can be taken for mitigation and adaptation:

1Hazard zonation and mapping of glacial lakes (eg: ISRO Atlas)

2Vulnerability mapping in downstream region.

3Evacuation plans operationalization.

GLOFs per a serious hazard to human life thus early mitigation measures can reduce vulnerability.

Migration refers to permanent or semi-permanent change of residence of individuals.

Indian urbanization will see growing mystery trends in coming time.

Vital livelihood strategies for rural households:

1Employment cluster relocation - find high-paying jobs in urban areas; eg: Rural to urban migration as per Ravenstein.

2Shift from agriculture to service sector; eg: Pier 3 cities to Tier 1 cities (learnt - Delhi NCR).

3Need quality of life → urban transport and amenities, eg: Delhi metro, buses, etc

4Social mobility provided to lower caste, eg: dalits from village find new identity in urban areas.

5Agriculture led opportunities to semi-skilled jobs.

6low productivity of primary jobs in rural area as push factor, eg: mining, cultivation → unemployable enterprise (Leisure survey).

Issues faced:

1Gentrification and slumification, eg: (Mumbai | Mumbai)

2Low paying jobs → job insecurity

3Discrimination

Afffordable rural housing complex (ARHL) migrant database.

this would ensure SDG 1, SDG 5 (no poverty) and SDG 11 sustainable cities

248 words22 paragraphs

Conclusion

GLOFs are a serious hazard to human life; thus early mitigation measures can reduce vulnerability. Indian urbanization will see growing mystery trends in coming time. This would ensure SDG 1, SDG 5 (no poverty) and SDG 11 sustainable cities.

39 words

Diagram

Map showing migration trends with arrows pointing to major cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Chennai

Comprehensive coverage of causes and solutions
Mention of specific tools like ISRO Atlas
Focus on practical mitigation strategies
Clear framework with numbered points
Reference to Ravenstein's migration theory
Practical examples of city-based migration
Comprehensive coverage of social mobility issues
Reference to SDG goals
Mention of specific schemes and databases

Open original scan

Page 11

Topper

Suramya Sharma

AIR 3592025

Subject & Paper

GS1GS1

Topic

Landslides and Geological Hazards

Landslide Formation and Mitigation

Causes and Solutions for Landslides

Writing Stats

298

Total words

Paragraphs

Analytical and policy-oriented

Tone