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SURABHI YADAVAIR 14· 2025

Question 12GS1GS1

The third decade of the 20th century witnessed the emergence of new forces and ideological currents that influenced the character of the Indian national movement. Elaborate.

Open scan (p.23)

Main Body

Indian National Movement started with 1857 Revolt (V.D Savarkar), however besides, then it passed through various phases.

Third Decade of 20th century [1930s] saw New Forces & Ideological current :-

1Emergence of Revolutionary in 2nd phase → (i) Bhagat Singh was hanged in 1931, he inspired other revolutionaries.

(a) Attack on British officials.

(b) Kundiram Bose, Hardinge etc

(c) The Guest of Bomb became important where individuals became a terror for British Rule.

(A) Emergence of Socialist Ideas

1Jawaharlal Nehru visited Belarus conference & got inspired by Socialism
2Founding of National socialist party in 1928 was inspired by westHdea.

(B) Karachi Session saw Fundamental Rights & Socio Economic Reforms to be the goal of congress.

2Emergence of Communist Ideology - Though Communist party founded in 1924 but it gained prominence in 1930s Inspired by Comintern (International, Russia).
4Constructive work by Moderates while some entered Electoral politics - Swarajists - Thus electoral politics became important.
5Methods of struggle were questioned in wake of would was II emigence - Subhash Chandra Bose - founded Forward Block & Azad Hind fauz while Congress was still on sitting & negotiation with British through Non-violent methods.

(eg) Participation in Round Table Conference

Challenges:

├─ Multiple

├─ Faction

└─ Cohesion

Mass movement got talent

Nonetheless, all the idea has single goal of National Freedom & thus worked with Mutual Respect towards each other &

gained Independence [15th August 1947]

239 words10 paragraphs

Diagram

A branching diagram showing Challenges with three branches: Multiple factions, Cohesion, and Mass movement got talent

  • Clear chronological framing
  • Specific historical figures and events
  • Identified key personalities of the period
  • Covers multiple ideological strands
  • Identifies key organizations and dates
  • Shows international influence on Indian movements
  • Discusses moderates and extremists
  • Addresses ideological divergence (Bose vs Gandhi approach)
  • Explains practical methods of struggle
  • Concludes with unifying theme of independence
  • Acknowledges complexity while showing convergence

Topper

SURABHI YADAV

AIR 142025

Subject & Paper

GS1GS1

Topic

The Freedom Struggle — its various stages and important contributors/contributions from different parts of the country

Independence movement and ideological currents

1920s-1930s period and emerging forces in Indian nationalism

Writing Stats

239

Total words

10

Paragraphs

analytical and chronological

Tone