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(8?) soil is a non-living element that is essential for plant growth. Soil properties are determined by various elements, most important being temperature and precipitation.

Temperature ↔ Precipitation

Impact on Soil ← Impact on Soil

© high temperature allows soil earthworms, © high precipitation alloys soil to both good and bad speed up their growth allowing eg. earthworms of lea/ earthworms, silt earthworms to bind.

(ii) high temperature reduce organic acidity causing soil to be hard, non-porous and unlikely for plant growth.

© low precipitation results in soil to sandy, dry soil with distinct particles eg. Red and Yellow Soil.

(iii) work of rivers: process of elapsation

(iv) alluvial scale on flood plains deposited by rivers

(iii) apex of plants found in soil: eg. topsoil biota and loamy loam have low nutrient value causing them to quickly all soil growth.

however other factors affect soil properties too:

(i) minerals in soil are determined by Parent Rock

(ii) Red and yellow soils cannot be yellow

(iii) work of river erosion, process of elapsation

(iv) alluvial scale on flood plains deposited by rivers

(iii) apex of plants found in soil: eg. topsoil biota and loamy loam have low nutrient soil selves all

Thus, soil is an element that both affects and is affected by other factors like temperature, precipitation, climate, living things, etc.