Question Q.20GS1GS1

Communalism gains strength from economic deprivation, and thrives in environments of social exclusion, creating fertile ground for discontent and division. Comment. (Answer in 250 words) 15 Marks

Main Body

communalism is the politics of spreading regional hatred with chauvinistic & over-glorification of one's own religion & abusing other side for all issues.

Economic deprivation :

lack of economic development and resource crunch is leading cause of any conflict be it ethnic or total or communal (consider Manipur violence for demand of ST status & launching land in valley).

Hitler blamed Jews for the poor economic condition in Germany after global recession. A zero-sum game and fight for resources bleed communalism.

Quintessential example is deliberate British policy to ignite Muslims interest after 1857 war leading to a generalized gap in their development conditions.

[Diagram/Framework shown with boxes:]:

Environment of social exclusion

├─ lack of interaction

├─ limited tolerance

└─ creation of ghettos

Social exclusion ⇒ communalizationGhettoization

Thus social exclusion creates a positive reinforcement cycle of communalism.

towards economic and social grievance development that get deeply entrenched.

Way Ahead :

short-term:

Sensitization training [value based education]

Implement Jagpath Mishap Report

Peace intervention [inclusive growth with targeted measures for backward sectors]

Implement Taheen Pournomali guidelines

[Multiple sub-points listed]

Sensitization training (value based education)

Clear Mohalla committees

Community interaction exercises

Implement Taheen Pournomali guidelines

technologies can co-exist but it would need a balanced approach & readjustment. Example following vedic practices is not against science but incorporating upper caste hegemony is against principles of equality & unity.

Social legislation ⇒ positive change

1They leverage law as enforcement tool to check the change brought in society (eg. abolishment of untouchability)

2They have been successful in slowly reducing social ills like child marriage, sati practices (refer NFHS-5 data)

3They provide an authoritative backing and legal mandate thus an effective way to ensure state supported schemes (eg. Dowry Prohibition, Female Infanticide Act, Domestic Violence Act)

4a necessary tool to enforce changes in constitutional democracy

Social legislation ⇒ not sufficient

1A top-down reform needs to be complemented with bottom-up demand to bring necessary changes

2without awareness about law, it would be useless

3Andre Bete says that it's the culture which define where society norms & not the laws

4without support of religious communities, any change will not be successful

5Consider divorce law for some child marriage age laws or rising violence against women & clilit (NCRB data). These illustrate that state can bring in reforms law without debate, discussion and social behavioral change communication it will be half-hearted

409 words12 paragraphs8 bullet points

Diagram

Framework showing environment of social exclusion with three components (lack of interaction, limited tolerance, creation of ghettos) leading to communalization and ghettoization in a cyclical relationship

Provides clear definition of communalism
Uses historical example (Hitler) to illustrate communalism-economy nexus
References contemporary case study (Manipur violence)
Shows understanding of resource scarcity driving conflict
Provides historical example of deliberate policy causing communalism
Uses visual diagram to explain cyclical nature of communalism
Identifies mechanisms (lack of interaction, limited tolerance) linking exclusion to communalism
Shows understanding of ghettoization as outcome
Proposes concrete short-term and long-term measures
Includes both top-down (policy) and bottom-up (community interaction) approaches
Mentions value-based education as part of solution
References specific government frameworks
Uses NFHS-5 data to back claims about reduction in social ills
Provides concrete examples of legislative success
Shows understanding of role of law in constitutional democracy
Distinguishes between acceptance of technology and rejection of social hegemony
Cites thinker (Andre Bete) to support argument about culture vs law
Uses statistical data (NCRB) to show limitations of law
Acknowledges importance of religious communities in social change
Comprehensive approach incorporating awareness and behavioral change

Open original scan

Page 48

Topper

Shoham Teberiwal

AIR 772023

Subject & Paper

GS1GS1

Topic

Effects of Globalization on Indian society

Social Empowerment, Communalism, Regionalism & Secularism

Economic deprivation and social exclusion as drivers of communalism

Writing Stats

409

Total words

Paragraphs

Bullets

analytical with historical examples

Tone