ST

Shoham TeberiwalAIR 77· 2023

Question Q.17GS1GS1

The Indian monsoon is a complex phenomenon influenced by various climatic factors. Critically examine the role of oceanic and atmospheric factors in determining the intensity and distribution of rainfall in India.

Open scan (p.39)

Main Body

Indian monsoon have intrigued explorers since ancient ages. Even today with sophisticated tools like dynamic forecasting tools we are unable to accurately predict monsoon.

Cossid for example different inputs used by IMD for forecast including temperature & pressures in North Atlantic ocean and Pacific ocean highlighting the complex monsoon phenomena.

Role of oceanic factors:

1Oceans contribute to moisture availability. South West monsoon which have across Indian ocean leads to rainfall as per Arabian & Bay of Bengal
2As per Indian express report over 50% droughts in recent decades were due to El-Nino
3Recent reports highlight positive IOD in nullifying impact of El-Nino
4South equatorial current, Peruvian current influence watering of oceans in pacific impacting monsoons
2Ocean currents and circulations like ENSO, Indian ocean dipole, Hadier julian oscillation have far reaching input on monsoon.
3South equatorial counter current, peruvian current influence watering of oceans in pacific impacting monsoons
3Warming of oceans & pressure formation creates favorable monsoon conditions
4In winters, North east winds carrying moisture cause rainfall in Tamil Nadu & Andhra Pradesh

Role of atmospheric factors:

1ITZ ? set up influence the monsoon
2Upper atmospheric circulation like sub-tropical jet stream withdrawal create favorable monsoon conditions
3Somali jet stream, tropical easterly jet stream positively influence monsoon
4Low pressure & depression formation on ocean impact monsoon intensity

Hence these factors play a role in monsoon with climate change & impact on atmospheric temperature & oceans (rising level, warming up), we need to work & fasten in these changes in our forecast methods & climate smart agriculture

Intensifying

2Upper atmospheric circulation like sub-tropical jet stream withdrawal create favorable monsoon condition
3Somali jet stream, tropical easterly jet stream positively influence monsoon
4Low pressure & depression formation on ocean impact monsoon intensity

Hence these factors play a role in monsoon with climate change & impact on atmospheric temperature & oceans (rising level, warming up), we need to work & fasten in these changes in our forecast methods & climate smart agriculture.

341 words10 paragraphs
  • Opens with historical context
  • Acknowledges complexity and forecasting challenges
  • Specific examples from IMD and media reports
  • Mentions specific oceanic phenomena (El-Nino, IOD)
  • Comprehensive coverage of both oceanic and atmospheric factors
  • Mentions specific jet streams and circulation patterns
  • Links to climate change and its implications
  • Connects to agriculture and forecasting needs
  • Links monsoon factors to climate change
  • Mentions policy implications (forecast methods, climate-smart agriculture)

Topper

Shoham Teberiwal

AIR 772023

Subject & Paper

GS1GS1

Topic

Indian Monsoon System

Oceanic and Atmospheric Factors

Complex climate phenomena influencing rainfall distribution

Writing Stats

341

Total words

10

Paragraphs

analytical and explanatory

Tone