India was forced into numerous wars post Independence. Highlight the causes and impact of the Indo-Pak and Indo-China wars on our bilateral relationships. (Answer in 250 words) 15 Marks

Independent India adopted Article 51 in her constitution which put a mandate on state to promote peace in international affairs.

However, adversarial neighbours like Pakistan and China pushed India into defense positions and forced to get into numerous wars.

Causes

1. Unsettled boundary issue

2. Presence of dictatorial regimes in both Pakistan & China

3. Differences over regional & Asian outlook

4. Misuse of war as tool to gain political secrets within nations

5. Failure of diplomacy (eg: India could not understand Chinese side except despite of Panchsheel)

6. Other specific issues like that of Tibet & Dalai Lama sphere (in context of China)

Impact on Indo-Pak relations:

1. Former created Pakistan as brother enemy (Shashi Tharoor description)

2. Pakistan's multiple dysfads created obsession in the establishment to bleed India into thousand cuts which has only been deterrent for her

3. Shift to proxy wars like Kargilism and insurgency by Pakistan

4. Today, there is no bilateral trade with sevocation of WTO status on both sides

5. India & Pakistan have refused to engage and it has led to stalemate in jats lite SAARC

Impact on India-China:

1. India understood the sinister approach of chinese by following unilateral transgression & attempt to change boundary

2. While economic trade is at historic high but its due to our need for key equipments like Lithium, APZ

3. India has pushed for 3 neutralist (country, relations, interest) respect

4. Though we participate in BRICS, SCO, RIC yet we are wary of chinese hegemonic trends

One more consequence is that China & Pakistan becoming all weather allies. This calls for New Delhi to be more strategic for adversaries on both fronts