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Mahatma Phule was among the first anti-caste and modern thinkers of British India who sought to promote a just and equal society.

Ideas in Shaping Social Foundations of Freedom Movement:

(i) Critiqued Brahmanism i.e. caste hierarchy - he argued it was against equality and prevented solidarity among Indians

(ii) Caste-based exploitation - He witnessed exploitation of shudras and ati-shudras by upper castes and argued it was immoral

(iii) Promoted education - he believed it will bring true emancipation of dalits, expressed and women