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SALONI VATSAIR 273· 2025

Question Q.17 (continued)GS3GS1

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4Infrastructure and Existing Power Plants
Relatively new coal fired power plants with life span of 20-30 yrs are still operational.
5Challenges in Coal Mining
Land acquisition for new mines can be difficult due to population density and regulation

Phasing out of Coal from our energy basket is difficult:

Technological Limitationscarbon capture and storage (CCS) tech is still developing in India.
Coal phase out policies are still evolving & regulations.
Geopolitics and TradeIndia exports coal to meet domestic demand with 2.7 mt import in 2020-21 (MoCoal)
Energy storage and grid integration is delimited. UJVWM 2020-21
Employmentaround 3.7 lakh (abelito MoCoal)
(eg) Karba coalfield (Chhattisgarh) is one of the largest coal producing areas in the world India, with multiple coal-field parameters nearby.
The maintenance aspect of renewable energy sources like solar wind etc are expensive.
Investment of around 1 Trillion USD needed

Henceforth, it will require a gradual convergent process as also highlighted in the COP26 layered under

174 words11 paragraphs2 bullet points
This is a continuation from previous page
  • Identifies infrastructure lock-in as a key constraint
  • Discusses technological gaps in CCS development
  • Considers geopolitical and trade dimensions
  • Provides specific data (2.7 mt import)
  • Addresses employment concerns (3.7 lakh jobs)
  • Provides specific regional example (Karba coalfield)
  • Discusses maintenance costs of renewable alternatives
  • Quantifies investment requirement (1 trillion USD)
  • References international climate commitments

Topper

SALONI VATS

AIR 2732025

Subject & Paper

GS3GS1

Topic

Energy resources and economy

Coal dependency in India

Reasons for coal reliance and challenges in transition

Writing Stats

174

Total words

11

Paragraphs

2

Bullets

comprehensive and policy-focused

Tone