Main Body
Low wind speed → in winter allow pollutants to linger in the site for lower period (Winter fog)
Seasonal activities
Stubble burning → Punjab & Haryana. This releases large PM 2.5 & higher, which is then transported by wind towards DELHI-NCR.
Increased vehicle emissions → colder temperature can lead to more vehicle used
Efficacy of Existing Measures:
Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP)
Includes → restriction of construction, road even vehicle stationing, closure of polluting industries
Evaluation: GRAP has shown some success but lacks long-term effectiveness due to challenges in implementation and enforcement.
Promotion of Public Transport
Expanding Delhi-Metro + Electric vehicles
While ridership on public transport has increased, still private vehicle are significant
Industrial Regulation
Cleaner industrial processes and stricter emission standards.
Despite regulations, industrial emission generates a source of concern.
Best PracticesRice Bioparks, Anti-smog Towers
To pursue the criticality of Air pollution various measures taken like Panadmit (COP-5 UNFCCC), NDCA, Sameer App, World's Heat performance based fiscal transfer (ISA-finance Commission), council study for air quality management at etc.
183 words9 paragraphs8 bullet points
This is a continuation from previous page
- Clearly distinguishes meteorological and seasonal factors
- Mentions specific source (Punjab & Haryana stubble burning)
- Evaluates GRAP with balanced criticism
- Addresses enforcement challenges
- Covers multiple intervention areas (transport, industry, technology)
- Mentions innovative solutions like rice bioparks and anti-smog towers
- References international and national frameworks
- Provides comprehensive mitigation strategy overview
Topper
SALONI VATS
AIR 2732025
Subject & Paper
GS3GS1
Topic
Environmental degradation and pollution
Air pollution control
Winter air quality deterioration and mitigation measures
Writing Stats
183
Total words
9
Paragraphs
8
Bullets
policy-oriented and descriptive
Tone