What do you understand by interoperability in e-governance? What steps have been taken by the government to ensure interoperability and integration of various e-governance systems? (Answer in 250 words)

Interoperability in e-Governance is defined as seamless portability & integration in e-governance services. (1) All e-governance services interoperable & work in tandem (Eg DBT's Aadhar) (2) Seamless Portability - in any govt service at any part of India. (Eg Ge Nation Oe Ration cod) (3) Synergistic Action - to produce efficient outcomes (Eg Faceless Assessment of IT portal) (4) Citizen Empowerment - due to efficient & combined service in e-technology. (Eg UMANG app to access all govt services)

Steps to Ensure Interoperability & Integration (1) Thrust on e-Governance - as integral part of all modern govt services. (Eg Digital India Mission) (2) Shift to Online Services - to reduce hassle & stress of citizens. (Eg Bhoomi portal & Karnataka) (3) Promote e-Economy - with integration of all service (Eg E-Marketplace for e-sign document) (4) Interoperable Systems - led by Central state to reduce one-wastage of citizen. (Eg Kerala tax portal integrated with CBDT) (5) Promote Seamless Transaction - as means to build on operational use (Eg e-darkhali & court document)