What are the various types of glacial landforms formed in the Indian Himalayas. How do these features impact local ecosystems and human activities?

Impact of these features on local ecosystem and human activities: i) The presence of confers, shrubs and other tree spices suited for the regions ii) Agricultural activities suited for farming - horticulture crops such as apples, cherries, crops such as kesar in farewas of Kashmir and lavender. iii) Animal rearing – practice of transhumance by communities such as Gaddis and Bakkarwals. iv) Influence on architecture: stone and wood houses that are sturdy. Pit houses observed in some areas. v) Economy mostly based on agriculture and tourism due to beautiful scenery. (eg) Adventure tourism, trekking. Changing glacial landforms and associated human activities:- → Due to climate change and increased frequency and intensity of disasters (eg) Kedarnath floods 2013 → Declining snowfall in the region (eg) 2024 saw low snowfall in winter months → Pressure on pristine environment and unplanned, haphazard construction (eg) Tashmacih land subsidence The glacial landforms of Himalayas offer unique ecosystem and human activities in these region have adopted for the same. However, changing climate provides never set of challenges.

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