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Aditya AgarwalAIR 1· 2024

Question Q13AnalyzeGS1GS2

Analyze the ideological differences and similarities between the revolutionary movement(1920-1930s) and the Gandhian non-violent struggle. How did these two ideologies influence each other?

Open scan (p.28)

Introduction

The revolutionary movement (1920-1930s) came out as reaction of the failure of Non-Cooperation Movement and disillusionment with the gandhian method of Non-violence.

22 words

Main Body

Revolutionary movement (1930-1930s) were seen in the incidents such as Kakori train robbery, Maniaptolla garden conspiracy, bombing of the legislative assembly and killing of several prominent figures such as Col. Saunders.

There were in contrast to the Gandhian non-violent struggle.

Gandhian philosophy:

Non-violence at its core
Peaceful protest
Non-cooperation with the british
Self-generation of political consciousness among people
Gandhi followed the idea of petitionprotestpetition

However revolutionary movement was ideologically different because of the following:-

Believed in violent means to attain objective of achieving freedom
Believed in the individual action rather than the masses
British rule as evil and should be acted by force only

Despite different approaches, there were similarities in the ideologies too:-

Courage of every Indian as the force behind struggle
British rule was considered evil by both
Swaraj as the end goal
No harm to innocents
Making the 'ideal' head though means were different
Principles of secularism and communal harmony
170 words6 paragraphs

Conclusion

The ideologies influenced each other as can be seen from the following:- i) Use of non-violent means by revolutionaries (eg Bombing of Assembly using fake bombs – to protest against the Public Safety Bill) ii) Spreading the message of socialism by revolutionaries (eg Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA)) iii) Gandhiji observed that violence was Gandhiji's action in individual Satyagraha – belief in individual action iv) The motto of 'Do or die' by Gandhiji Today, the ideologies of Bhagat Singh (revolutionary) and Gandhiji have influenced our value system. It can be seen in the India's 'No first use' nuclear deterrent policy.

100 words

Diagram

Mind map showing Gandhian philosophy at center with branches to: Non-violence at its core, Peaceful protest, Non-cooperation with the british, Self-generation of political consciousness among people

  • Clear distinction between revolutionary and Gandhian approaches
  • Well-organized presentation with bullet points and branches
  • Good use of examples (Kakori robbery, Maniaptolla conspiracy, bombing of Assembly)
  • Identifies both differences and similarities
  • Connects to contemporary relevance (India's nuclear policy)
  • Mentions specific organizations (HSRA)
  • Explains ideological influence between the two movements

Topper

Aditya Agarwal

AIR 12024

Subject & Paper

GS1GS2

Topic

Modern Indian History

Indian Freedom Movement

Revolutionary Movement vs Gandhian Non-Violence

Writing Stats

292

Total words

6

Paragraphs

analytical and explanatory

Tone