भारत में संसद विधायी निरีक्षण के माध्यम से सार्वजनिक नीति और सार्वजनिक का निरीक्षण करी। एसैसिएटिव न्यायवाद के माध्यम से एसिविक सामा का उपयोग करते हुए, भारत में असत-बिन्द न्यायवाद का समाधान करते हुए कोर-कोष के दुनिधार किए गए सुधार।। (250 शब्द, 15 अंक) In the context of persistent legislative dysfunction in India, analyze the evolving role of judicial activism in shaping public policy and governance. Using examples from landmark court cases, evaluate the effectiveness of judicial interventions in addressing governance gaps and safeguarding rights.

[Judicial activism] refers to the activity of the judiciary to [illegible] laws deliver judgement that has the effect of law of the legislature.

Persistent legislative dysfunction has been due to:

i) Low use of parliamentary committees to make laws – decline quality of bills and escape scrutiny.

ii) Abutist policies of the state undermining the principles of constitution.

iii) Lack of progressive legislation by the government.

iv) Inactivity due to fear of protests and vote bank.

Judiciary through its various judgements has shaped public policy and governance:

i) Right to food as part of Right to life (A21) – PUCL vs Union of India case.

ii) Right to speedy justice – Hussainara Khatoon case.

iii) Police reforms – Prakash Singh Judgment

iv) Prevention of sexual Harassment guidelines – Vishaka vs State of Rajasthan

v) Right to clean environment (A14 and A21) – Ranjit silk vase (Great Indian bustard case)

vi) Subcategorisation of SCs and STs allowed overturning judgement in Chenaik case

Effectiveness of judicial intervention:

The judiciary must also ensure restraint on its part to allow legislature to prevent any unintended consequences of the judgement.