S

Sachin

Question 8GS1GS1

Analyze the impact of liberalization and globalization on Indian agriculture and the challenges faced by farmers in the globalized economy. (Answer in 250 words) 15 marks

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AnswerStrengthsGapsKeywords

Introduction

India transitioned from closed market economy to open market economy through the implementation of LPG [Liberalization, Privatization, Globalization] reforms in 1991. These LPG reforms had wide impact on all the sectors including agricultural sector.

34 words

Main Body

Positive impacts of LPG on Indian agriculture

1Raising the production of foodgrains

Total foodgrain production

1990-91: 176mn tonnes
2022-23: 328mn tonnes
2Increasing trend in horticultural output

Variety of horticultural crops like fresh vegetables, spices, medicinal plants etc. Introduced in India - largest producer of fruit and largest producer of vegetables

3Diversification of agriculture

Agro-forest growth and diversity of crop varieties catering to food processing industry & other manufacturing sector

Conflict farming with Laws or policy considerations

Negative impacts of LPG on Indian agriculture

1Reduction in public investment in agriculture

a) Breach & extension services

2P Cuts in various kinds of subsidies to farmers and overall deficit in per capita expenditure on farmers
3Decline in public infrastructure & energy investment including irrigation
4Import of cheaper agricultural products into the country - high competition for domestic farmers

a) Cotton price decline

b) FFFE p1 Various form of nutrition by other countries & multilateral institutions

Challenges of globalization on farmers

1Emerging technologies like AI, ML precipitously do create push or marginalize small & marginal farmers
2Pfit fluctuating in quantum with global headwinds
3Wage/Income in sugarcane price due to Brazil high production
4Depreciation of supply chain

a) Challenges in acquiring fertilizers during Ukraine-Uzbek conflict

5Exploitation of Indian farmers by large scale MNCs due to information asymmetry

Comprehensive agricultural trade policy

Supply chain resilience through

Way forward - infrastructure development, collaboration with WTO-minded nations at WTO

Some globalization is inevitable in general, Indian farmers capacity must be enhanced to compete globally

However [Challenges exist]

1Data privacy & security issues
2Possibility of bignum & social inequality through AI/IT
3Regulatory & legal challenges - No comprehensive legal provision available
4Digital illiteracy & infrastructural bottleneck

Government measures in implementing AI & ML

1Government of India & IBM collaboration - telemedicine - supply chain management for agriculture
2Microsoft & Karnataka agricultural department - Agricultural commodity price forecasting model
3National Digital Agriculture Division - to facilitate AI based startup
4AgrITech - united platform for farmers to facilitate end to end service

Therefore, India must fully realize the potential wrt technology to bring forth both nutritional security & food security

371 words12 paragraphs2 bullet points

Diagram

Flowchart showing 'Way forward' with branches to: Supply chain resilience through infrastructure development; Collaboration with WTO-minded nations at WTO

  • Balanced analysis with both positive and negative impacts
  • Specific data provided (foodgrain production 1990-91 to 2022-23)
  • Clear categorization of impacts
  • Mentions current global issues (Ukraine conflict)
  • Addresses challenges comprehensively

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Page 21

Topper

Sachin

Subject & Paper

GS1GS1

Topic

Effects of Globalization on Indian society

Impact on agriculture and farmers

Liberalization and agricultural challenges

Writing Stats

405

Total words

12

Paragraphs

2

Bullets

Analytical and structured

Tone