"India is no country for working women". In this context, discuss the reasons for the low female participation rate in the labour force while suggesting measures to improve the participation of women in the labour force.
Introduction
The female labour force participation rate (FLFFR) in India is one of the lowest among the emerging economies
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Main Body
The FLFFR in India has fallen recently from 31.1 in 2019 to 22.1 in 2020, while China has higher female LFPR of 61.1. Reasons for the low FLFFR: 1) Lack of economic opportunity: The labor demand contains or lack of suitable job opportunity. (Ex) Rural India: fall in availability of farm jobs without non-farm employment. 2) U-shape relation between education & employment - observed phenomenon of rise followed by decline in employment as education level rises. 3) Poor working conditions for women: (Ex) disproportionate long hours, lower job secrecy, wage gaps, etc. 4) Unpaid domestic work: Generally uneven & unskilled care are not considered in GDP estimation. 5) Gender bias: patriarchal notion & stereotyping of women only to pink collar jobs. Measures to improve participation of women:
Conclusion
The first independent Nobel Prize Winner in Economics Claudia Goldin proposes 'equal equity' in families as first step.
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- Strong opening with statistical evidence (31.1% to 22.1% decline)
- Comparative reference to China's LFPR (61.1%)
- Identified multiple causative factors (economic, social, cultural)
- Mentioned U-shaped relationship between education and employment
- Discussed both formal (wage gaps) and informal (domestic work) issues
Dr. Sachin B L
Social Issues
Role of Women
Female labour force participation
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