Question Q.19Discuss various factors contributing to the water woes faced by Indian cities. Also, explain constraints in implementing a comprehensive water management plan.GS1GS1
Discuss various factors contributing to the water woes faced by Indian cities. Also, explain constraints in implementing a comprehensive water management plan.
Introduction
Indian cities are characterised by increasing shortage of water supply to meet even basic needs.
15 words
Main Body
Factors contributing to water woes:
1Inefficient water management system leading to wastage
2Lack of water treatment plants to ensure clean water
3Newer technologies, especially in Japan, are able to treat water to drinkable purity levels
4Lack of rainwater harvesting measures (Ev- only Tamil Nadu has made rooftop rainwater harvesting compulsory)
5Climate change has affected availability of surface and ground waters
6Water scarcity has also been accentuated with greater amount being diverted to industrial use
7Rising population has created pressure on water availability (leads to water woes)
8Lack of inter-state cooperation making inter-linking projects difficult to implement
Constraints in implementing a comprehensive water management plan:
1It requires an overall of infrastructure which might lead to financial burdens and budgetary pressures
2It requires a behaviour change in people's attitude which is often difficult to achieve
3It requires balancing multiple and often conflicting interests of industries, consumers and farmers
4It requires inter-state cooperation in case of rivers linking projects
5It requires sustainable management practices which needs further research and adaptation to local circumstances
6It needs technologies to calculate the existing water resource accurately
Water scarcity is a leading problem of 21st century and needs to be addressed urgently.
209 words17 paragraphs
Conclusion
Water scarcity is a leading problem of the 21st century and needs to be addressed urgently.
16 words
Answer continues on next page
- Comprehensive list of factors contributing to water woes
- Clear categorization of constraints in implementation
- Mention of specific examples (Japan, Tamil Nadu)
- Acknowledgement of multiple dimensions (technical, behavioural, institutional)
- Structured presentation with clear bullet points
Topper
Ritika Rath
AIR 48
Subject & Paper
GS1GS1
Topic
Salient features of World's Physical Geography
Distribution of Key Natural Resources
Water resources and management
Writing Stats
240
Total words
17
Paragraphs
formal and analytical
Tone